离婚财产分割协议研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 03:51

本文选题：离婚财产分割协议 + 生效　；参考：《北京化工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步与发展,离婚率也不断攀升,离婚程序也经历了由繁至简的变革,人们对于离婚的态度也逐渐发生改变,伴随解除婚姻关系而来的便是子女抚养及财产分割等一系列问题,离婚财产分割协议的地位也经历了从无到有,从被忽视转变为受重视的变革。本文将结合前人理论研究基础、社会热点及司法实务中涌现出的问题对离婚财产分割协议的内涵、性质、效力、域外立法例及完善建议几个方面展开论述。文章第一部分介绍了与离婚财产分割协议有关的基本概念及内涵,通过与相关协议(包括普通民事合同、离婚协议以及夫妻财产契约)的对比,总结出离婚财产分割协议的特征:法定生效要件的特殊民事合同。第二部分主要研究离婚财产协议的法律性质,笔者分别评析了现阶段的三种主流观点:单一身份契约说、混合型民事合同说以及附条件的民事合同说,各说都存在着一定的不足,而笔者更倾向于将离婚财产分割协议定位为附法定生效要件的特殊民事合同,在理解上更近似乎附条件的民事合同。第三部分的内容围绕着离婚财产分割协议的效力展开,分别探讨了协议生效时点、可撤销及部分无效的情形。离婚财产分割协议生效于夫妻双方解除婚姻关系之时,对于其中有关财产分割的部分,若存在欺诈、胁迫而签订协议的情形,对协议可以进行撤销或变更,同时,笔者认为协议中规定的不利于子女利益的条款亦应作为可变更协议的条件;之于协议的无效自然仅针对财产分割部分的无效,该协议部分规定违反相关法律法规时而致使违反部分无效。第四部分主要针对我国现行法律有关离婚财产分割协议的规定进行了纵向的比较及分析,指出现有规定存在的问题及局限。第五部分为域外立法经验的介绍,结合外国及港澳台地区对协议离婚的限制条件及规定,同时重点从形式、内容限制及内外效力三方面介绍了其中与离婚财产分割协议有关的规定,分析该规定对于我国现阶段国情社情的适用性与价值,当然笔者并非空谈引入,而是对我国对该项制度的接受条件进行了剖析与一定调整,主要将于第七部分予以展开。第六部分主要引入了实务中的热点问题,包括不动产权属之争中法律的适用问题、第三人债权与公证后离婚财产分割协议关系问题以及夫妻约定赠与子女财产的性质问题,笔者结合前文理论基础与民法学说对上述问题阐述了自己的见解。最后一部是对前文内容的总结与升华,结合现有规定及国情,借鉴域外立法经验,笔者提出了完善协议离婚及离婚财产分割制度的法律建议,分为以建立见证人与公证前置制度为核心的事前干预制度、突出保护弱势方及未成年子女利益的事中控制手段及离婚补助、帮助及重新分割财产为导向的事后救济三个方面内容展开,以期为学理及实践的紧密结合尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of the society, the divorce rate is also rising, the divorce procedure has undergone a change from complexity to simplicity, and people's attitude towards divorce has gradually changed. Along with the dissolution of marriage is a series of problems such as child support and property division. The status of divorce property division agreement has also undergone a transformation from neglect to attention. This paper will discuss the connotation, nature, effect, extraterritorial legislation and suggestions of divorce property division agreement based on previous theoretical research, social hot spots and problems arising in judicial practice. The first part of the article introduces the basic concepts and connotations related to the divorce property division agreement, through the comparison with the related agreements (including ordinary civil contract, divorce agreement and husband and wife property contract). Summarize the characteristics of divorce property division agreement: the special civil contract of legal effective requirements. In the second part, the author mainly studies the legal nature of divorce property agreement. The author comments on the three main viewpoints at this stage: single identity contract, mixed civil contract and conditional civil contract. There are some deficiencies in each theory, and the author is more inclined to position the divorce property division agreement as a special civil contract with the legal effective requirements, and to understand the civil contract which seems to be subject to conditions. The third part focuses on the validity of the divorce property division agreement, and discusses the situation of the effective point, revocable and partial invalidation of the agreement. When the divorce property division agreement comes into effect when the marital relationship is dissolved between the husband and wife, the agreement may be revoked or changed if there is fraud or coercion in the part of the agreement relating to the division of the property, and at the same time, The author thinks that the provisions of the agreement against the interests of the children should also be used as conditions for the alterable agreement, and that the invalidation of the agreement naturally only refers to the invalidity of the partition part of the property. Part of the agreement provides for the violation of relevant laws and regulations which results in partial invalidation of the breach. The fourth part makes a longitudinal comparison and analysis on the provisions of the divorce property division agreement in the current law of our country, and points out the problems and limitations of the existing provisions. The fifth part is the introduction of the extraterritorial legislative experience, combined with the restrictions and regulations of foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to divorce by agreement, while focusing on the form, This paper introduces the provisions related to the divorce property division agreement from three aspects of content restriction and internal and external effectiveness, and analyzes the applicability and value of this provision to the social situation of our country at the present stage. Of course, the author is not empty talk about the introduction of this provision. It also analyzes and adjusts the acceptance conditions of this system, which will be carried out in the seventh part. The sixth part mainly introduces the hot issues in practice, including the application of the law in the dispute over the ownership of real estate, the relationship between the third party's creditor's rights and the divorce property after notarization, and the nature of the agreement between husband and wife and the property of the children. The author expounds his views on the above-mentioned questions on the basis of the above theory and the theory of civil law. The last part is the summary and sublimation of the previous contents, combined with the existing regulations and national conditions, and drawing on the experience of foreign legislation, the author puts forward some legal suggestions to improve the system of divorce by agreement and the division of property between divorce and divorce. It is divided into two parts: the pre-system of witness and notarization as the core, the control means of protecting the interests of the disadvantaged and minor children, and the divorce subsidy. The help and repartition of property-oriented ex post-relief is carried out in order to do a little for the close combination of theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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