中国夫妻财产制度变迁考—传统婚姻伦理向现代契约理念的逐步过渡

发布时间：2018-06-09 04:38

本文选题：婚姻法变迁 + 夫妻财产制度　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为婚姻家庭关系中最基本的单元——人,他们之间在家庭关系中的微妙变化,反映在婚姻家庭法当中,正是对现实中婚姻观念与婚姻状况演变的一种映射。婚姻家庭涉及人身关系和财产关系两个方面,而财产关系到人们生命的维护、是市民社会的真实基础,因此,如果剥夺了一个人的财产权,最终也就等于是剥夺了其生存的可能。传统自然经济条件下,生产力的进步与发展、私有财产的出现等,所有这些因素的综合,使得男子在生产中逐渐掌握了劳动工具和劳动产品的所有权,并成为生产力的主力军,这种不平等经过逐步蔓延,继而发展到家庭的不平等、阶级的不平等甚至是氏族和国家的不平等,因此,女性的财产权益被弱化,而完全沦为男性的附庸,成为了真正意义上的“男女有别”,进而引发其在婚姻领域内财产权益的弱化。即使是在当今现实的婚姻关系当中,夫妻之间地位的实质平等也并未真正实现。随着时代的发展、社会的进步,人们已经逐渐走向独立和自主,体现在婚姻家庭中,则是人们对婚姻中的财产关系的愈加重视,而婚姻关系中追求平等、自由和权利的观念也使婚姻契约的概念渐渐为人们所接受。此时,对婚姻中财产关系的调整不能再简单地沿用传统伦理社会中具有强烈身份特征的传统伦理观念,而应逐渐吸收和采用契约的相关理论。本文总共分为三大部分来论述我国夫妻财产制度从传统走向契约的历史演变:第一章对新中国建国前婚姻财产制度的变迁展开讨论,借助数千年的婚姻制度的变化来引出本次讨论的起点——中国传统婚姻伦理。对建国前中国传统伦理观念的论述有利于同建国后夫妻财产制度的变化形成鲜明的对比,并做出铺垫,以更清晰地表明本文的脉络;本文第二章通过对新中国成立后的数次立法、修正以及司法解释中有关夫妻财产制度进行考论,从中梳理出一条明显的变化趋势,即从传统伦理到逐渐向现代契约过渡和转型的变化轨迹:1950年,我国颁布了新中国的第一部法律——《婚姻法》,它承担着除旧布新的使命应运而生,它是我国第一部社会主义性质的婚姻法,开始确立了男女平等、婚姻自由等原则;1980年的《婚姻法》是对文革后期婚姻家庭关系的调整和保护,它在1950年的基础上提出了允许夫妻双方在财产方面实行约定财产制的内容;至2001年,针对改革开放以来婚姻家庭范围出现的新情况和新问题,《婚姻法》做出了全面修订,更加尊重当事人的自由意志,将夫妻约定财产的内容加以细化,并在离婚制度中增加了夫妻一方补偿请求权的内容,体现出婚姻法越来越关注当事人的自由平等和人格独立的取向;在此基础上《婚姻法》的三部司法解释更加深入、细致地贯彻了自由和平等的理念,使婚姻关系中财产制度的深化在自由和平等的道路上得到了进一步落实。本文第三章,在前两部分的基础上,从法理学的角度总结我国夫妻财产制度的整体脉络以及如何运用契约理念进一步完善我国夫妻财产制度。文章最后的结语部分,通过对本文考论进行总结,得出了一条基于生产力发展、政治、经济制度变革的有传统伦理到现代契约的变化过程。
[Abstract]:As the most basic unit in the relationship of marriage and family, the subtle changes in family relations between them are reflected in the marriage and family law, which is a mapping of the evolution of marriage concept and marital status in reality. The marriage family involves two aspects of personal relationship and property relationship, and the property is related to the maintenance of people's life, It is the real foundation of the civil society. Therefore, if it is deprived of a person's property rights, it will eventually be deprived of the possibility of its existence. Under the traditional natural economy, the progress and development of the productive forces, the emergence of private property and so on, and the integration of all these factors make men master the labor tools and labor products gradually in the production. Ownership, and become the main force of the productive forces, the inequality progressively spread, then to the inequality of the family, the inequality of the class and even the inequality of the clan and the state. Therefore, the rights and interests of the women were weakened, and they were completely reduced to men's appendages. In the field of marriage, the weakening of property rights and interests. Even in today's real marriage relations, the substantive equality between husband and wife has not been truly realized. With the development of the times and the progress of the society, people have gradually become independent and independent. The concept of the pursuit of equality, freedom and rights in marriage also makes the concept of the marriage contract gradually accepted. At this time, the adjustment of the property relationship in the marriage can not simply follow the traditional ethical concept with strong identity in the traditional ethical society, and should gradually absorb and adopt the related theory of contract. This article is a total of this article. It is divided into three parts to discuss the historical evolution of matrimonial property system from tradition to contract in China: the first chapter discusses the change of marriage property system in New China before the founding of the people's Republic of China, and leads to the starting point of this discussion with the change of thousands of years of marriage system - Chinese traditional marriage ethics. The second chapter of this paper is to make a clear contrast between the couple's property system after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and to make a paving to clear the context of this article. From the traditional ethics to the transition and transformation of the modern contract gradually: in 1950, China promulgated the first law of new China, "Marriage Law >", which was the first socialist marriage law in China. It began to establish the principle of equality between men and women, the freedom of marriage and so on; in 1980, < Marriage law is the adjustment and protection of marriage and family relations in the late period of the cultural revolution. On the basis of 1950, it put forward the content of allowing the husband and wife to carry out the property system in the property. To 2001, the new situation and new problems of the family scope of marriage since the reform and opening up, the marriage law has made a comprehensive revision and more respect for the matter. The free will of the man will refine the content of the husband and wife's agreed property, and increase the content of the right of compensation for the one side of the couple in the divorce system, which shows that the marriage law pays more and more attention to the freedom and equality of the parties and the orientation of personality independence; on this basis, the three judicial interpretations of the marriage law are more thorough and meticulously carried out freedom and The concept of equality makes the deepening of the property system in the marriage relationship further implemented on the road of freedom and equality. In the third chapter, on the basis of the first two parts, this article summarizes the whole skeleton of the marital property system in our country and how to use the contract to further improve the property system of our husband and wife. After the conclusion of the thesis, the concluding part of the paper draws a change process of the traditional ethics to the modern contract based on the development of the productive forces, the political and economic system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.9

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