建国初期河北省婚姻制度改革研究（1950-1956年）

发布时间：2018-06-29 19:46

本文选题：建国初期 + 河北省　；参考：《复旦大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 婚姻制度是规范男女两性关系和家庭关系的一种社会制度，影响到社会每一个人，并且它处在社会生活的表层，，是社会变迁的指示器。所以，婚姻制度问题成为社会史研究中的重要课题之一。本文集中研究了在建国初期婚姻制度改革过程中，河北省婚姻家庭所发生的巨大变化。全文包括前言和5章正文构成。前言主要介绍了选择本课题的意义、学术史、研究理论和方法、选择河北省作为研究对象的原因以及资料的来源。第一章，主要介绍了婚姻制度改革前的背景。河北省长期处在封建王朝统治的中心区域，受传统伦理思想影响较深。在1950年至1956年婚姻制度改革前，河北省主要有以下3种婚姻制度：1，传统婚姻制度，以强迫包办、男尊女卑和漠视子女利益为特点，并在全省占主导地位；2，资产阶级改良婚姻制度，形式上提倡男女平等和婚姻自由，实际上保留了大量的封建残余；3，新民主主义婚姻制度，真正实现了男女平等和婚姻自由。不过，这3种婚姻制度的实行地域范围不同，传统婚姻制度在全省城乡都占绝对主导地位，资产阶级改良婚姻制度局限于城镇等资本主义经济较发达地区的社会上层，新民主主义婚姻制度则实行在各解放区。由于河北省多是革命老区和半老区，群众觉悟较高，和平安定局面来临较早，在1948年基本上完成了土地改革后，婚姻家庭纠纷大量涌现出来，妇女自杀被杀命案频繁发生，婚姻家庭问题成为一个严重的社会问题，极大地影响了社会安定和经济等项事业的发展，改革婚姻制度已成为当务之急。第二章，介绍了新婚姻制度的构建和河北省婚姻制度改革的过程。中华人民共和国成立后，中国社会开始全面进入破旧立新的过渡时期。1950年5月1日，《中华人民共和国婚姻法》颁布实施后，标志着新民主主义婚姻制度体系的建立，并为婚姻制度改革提供了法律依据和行动目标。此后，河北省以宣传贯彻婚姻法为中心，广泛深入地进行了群众性婚姻制度改革运动，大致经过了学习和宣传婚姻法、贯彻婚姻法运动月运动、经常贯彻婚姻法3个阶段，到1956年，基本上摧毁了封建主义婚姻制度，建立起新民主主义婚姻制度。第三、四章，主要考察、分析了婚姻制度改革对普通民众的影响，研究老百姓婚姻家庭生活中发生的具体变化。如，在社会观念上，男尊女卑、“三从四德”等封建观念逐渐瓦解，男女平等、婚姻自由等现代观念逐渐深入人心，妇女有了参加各种社会活动的自由权；婚姻目的由“上以事宗庙，下以继后世”的家族本 WP=5 位改变为寻求共同生活和共同工作伴侣的个人本位；婚姻择偶观从“门当户对”一元择偶观发展到以政治、劳动、感情等为基础的多元择偶观；改变了“父母之命，媒妁之言”的结婚方式，自由婚、半自由婚已经成为婚姻的主要形式，包办买卖婚姻越来越少；妇女“从一而终”和“守节”等封建观念也得到很大改变，离婚和改嫁已成为正常现象；另外，还基本上废除了早婚、童养媳、重婚、纳妾、婚外性关系等婚姻陋俗；在婚姻程序上，改变了传统“六礼”繁文缛节和求神问卜封建迷信等做法，逐步实行简化的文明婚礼，并建立了婚姻登记制度，把传统的事实婚制转变为法律婚制；在家庭关系上，封建家长制逐步减弱，家庭成员基本上实现了平等待遇，有的旧家庭还被改造成了民主和睦、团结生产的新式家庭，特别是妇女在家庭中具有了男女权利平等的地位，甚至还获得了重大家庭事务的决定权。当然，婚姻制度改革还有一些不完善的地方，留有传统婚姻制度的大量残余，如妇女财产继承权问题、虐待子女以及遗弃、虐待老人等现象。第五章，是结论部分，对婚姻制度改革成绩和不足分别做了归纳和分析。认为，主要在政治和法律等主观因素的推动和影响下，建国初期河北省婚姻制度改革基本上获得成功，但是，婚姻制度变革根本上要受生产方式等客观因素的制约，而建国初期生产力没有突出的发展，个体小生产占主导地位，再加上传统思想的影响等原因，还有传统婚姻制度继续生存的土壤，故新婚姻制度尚处在刚刚完成质变阶段，远没有达到完善程度。总之，河北省通过自上而下地、有组织、有步骤地群众运动方式，把婚姻制度改革深入到社会最基层，基本上建立了与传统婚姻制度迥然不同的现代婚姻制度，极大地改变了广大普通民众的婚姻家庭生活，树立起新的社会风尚，促进了河北省政治、经济和社会生活等方面的建设。
[Abstract]:Marriage system is a social system to regulate the relationship between men and women and family. It affects everyone in society, and it is on the surface of social life. It is an indicator of social change. Therefore, the problem of marriage system has become one of the important topics in the study of social history.
This article focuses on the great changes in marriage and family in Hebei during the reform of the marriage system in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. The full text consists of a preface and 5 chapters.
The preface mainly introduces the significance of choosing this topic, academic history, research theories and methods, and the reasons for choosing Hebei as the research object and the source of the data.
The first chapter mainly introduces the background of the reform of the marriage system. Hebei province is in the central region of the feudal rule for a long time. It is deeply influenced by the traditional ethics. Before the reform of the marriage system from 1950 to 1956, Hebei province mainly had the following 3 kinds of marriage systems: 1, the traditional marriage system, which was forced to be organized, men and women and disregard of their children. 2, the bourgeois improved marriage system, in form, advocated equality between men and women and freedom of marriage, and in fact retained a large number of feudal remnants; and 3, the new democratic marriage system really realized equality between men and women and freedom of marriage. However, the 3 marriage systems were different in geographical scope and traditional marriage. The marriage system occupies an absolute dominant position in the urban and rural areas of the province. The improved marriage system of the bourgeoisie is limited to the upper level of the society in the more developed regions, such as cities and towns, and the new democratic marriage system is implemented in Jiefang District. Since Hebei is a revolutionary old area and a half old area, the group has a higher awareness and a peaceful and stable situation is coming earlier, in 19 After the completion of the land reform in 48 years, the marriage and family disputes have emerged in large numbers, and the suicide of women has been killed and killed frequently. The problem of marriage and family has become a serious social problem, which has greatly affected the development of social stability and economy, and the reform of the marriage system has become a top priority.
The second chapter introduces the construction of the new marriage system and the process of the reform of the marriage system in Hebei province. After the establishment of People's Republic of China, the Chinese society began to enter the transition period of the old new marriage in May 1st. After the promulgation and implementation of the marriage law of People's Republic of China, the establishment of the new democratic marriage system was marked and married. The reform of the marriage system provided the legal basis and the goal of action. Since then, Hebei province has carried out the mass marriage reform movement widely and deeply in order to propagandize and carry out the marriage law. It has generally passed through the study and propaganda of marriage law, the movement of the marriage law movement, and the 3 stages of marriage law. By 1956, the feudalism was basically destroyed. The marriage system was established and the new democratic marriage system was established.
The third, fourth chapter mainly examines the influence of the reform of the marriage system on the common people and studies the specific changes in the life of the people in marriage and family. For example, in the social concept, the feudal concepts such as men and women, "three and four virtues" gradually disintegrate, the modern concept of equality between men and women, marriage freedom and other modern concepts gradually become deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and women have participated in each of them. The right to freedom of social activities; the purpose of marriage is from the "family by the temple, the next generation".
WP=5
The change of the position is the personal standard of seeking common life and common working partner; the concept of marriage choice of spouse has developed from the concept of "the equivalent of one to the other" to the multiple choice of spouse based on politics, labor and emotion, and the marriage mode of "the parents' life, the matchmaker's words", the free marriage and the half free marriage have become the main forms of marriage. The feudal concepts such as "one to end" and "conservative" have also been greatly changed. Divorce and remarriage have become a normal phenomenon. In addition, it has basically abolished marriage customs such as early marriage, daughter-in-law, bigamy, concubinage, sexual relations outside marriage, and changed the traditional "six rites" red tape in the marriage procedure. And asking for the feudal superstition and so on, the simplified civilized wedding was gradually implemented, and the marriage registration system was established, the traditional factual marriage system was transformed into a legal marriage system. In the family relationship, the feudal patriarchal system gradually weakened, the family members were basically equal treatment, and the old family had been transformed into democratic harmony and united production. New families, especially women, have the equal rights of women and men in their families, and even have the right to decide on major family affairs. Of course, there are some imperfect places in the reform of the marriage system. There are a lot of remnants of the traditional marriage system, such as the problem of the inheritance of women's property, the abuse of children and the abandonment, and the abuse of the elderly. Elephant.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the conclusion and analysis of the achievements and shortcomings of the reform of the marriage system. It is believed that, under the impetus and influence of the subjective factors such as politics and law, the marriage system reform of Hebei province is basically successful in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, but the change of marriage system must be restricted by the objective factors such as the mode of production. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the productive forces did not develop, the individual small production took the dominant position, and the influence of traditional thought, as well as the soil that the traditional marriage system continued to survive, so the new marriage system was still in the stage of qualitative change, far from reaching the level of perfection.
In a word, Hebei Province, through the top-down, organized, and systematic way of mass movement, deepened the reform of the marriage system into the most grass-roots level of the society, basically established a modern marriage system which is quite different from the traditional marriage system, which greatly changed the marriage and family life of the general public, set up a new social fashion, and promoted the Hebei. The construction of political, economic and social life in the province.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K27

【引证文献】