论丹宁勋爵对二战后英国法律改革的主要贡献

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:48

本文选题：丹宁勋爵 + 实现公正　；参考：《华中科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：丹宁勋爵作为二战后英国最著名的法官之一,通过其司法活动,极大地促进了英国法律的改革和发展。丹宁勋爵在其自传《家庭生活》中将自己的法律思想概括为“实现公正”、“法律下的自由”和“信奉上帝”,这三个方面始终贯穿着丹宁勋爵的司法和学术活动,是他获得法律成果的思想基础。英国遵循判例主义,身为高等法官的丹宁勋爵,正是通过案件的审判直接推动了英国法律的发展。例如,丹宁勋爵在“高树案”中创设了允诺禁止反言原则,弥补了约因的缺陷;在“玛丽瓦诉国际散装货船公司案”中发布了玛利瓦禁令,为债权人提供了有效地诉讼救济。在行政法领域,通过一系列案件的审判扩大了法院对公共机关的司法审查范围,遏制了行政权力的滥用;在审理家庭案件时,确立了被遗弃妻子的居住权和在家产中财产份额保护,促进了家庭法的改革;并且结合自身的司法实践提出了对法律援助和诽谤法的改革建议,等等。这些贡献很大程度上改变了英国法律的发展轨迹,使英国法律顺应并促进了英国现代社会的发展。虽然我国法律同英国法律属于不同法系,但是这并不妨碍我们吸收英国相关成熟的法律制度和西方学者进步的法律思想。丹宁勋爵司法公正和保障自由的法律思想值得我们学习,而他对二战后英国法律改革所做的具体贡献则为完善我国相关方面的法制建设提供了有益的启示。
[Abstract]:As one of the most famous judges in England after World War II, Lord tannin greatly promoted the reform and development of English law through his judicial activities. In his autobiography, Family Life, Lord tannin summed up his legal ideas as "achieving justice", "freedom under the law" and "believing in God". These three aspects have always permeated Lord tannin's judicial and academic activities. It is the ideological foundation on which he obtained legal results. In England, following the doctrine of jurisprudence, Lord tannin, as a high judge, directly promoted the development of English law through the trial of cases. For example, Lord Denning made up for the defect of the cause by creating the principle of estoppel in the High Tree case, and in Mariva v. International bulk Carrier Corporation, he issued the Maryva injunction, which provided effective litigation relief for creditors. In the area of administrative law, the judicial review of public authorities by the courts has been expanded through a series of trials, containing the abuse of administrative power; in family cases, It establishes the right of residence of the abandoned wife and the protection of the property share in the home labor, promotes the reform of the family law, and puts forward the reform suggestions on the law of legal aid and libel law according to the judicial practice of his own, and so on. These contributions changed the development of English law to a great extent and made English law adapt to and promote the development of modern English society. Although our law belongs to different legal systems with English law, this does not prevent us from absorbing the relevant mature legal systems in England and the progressive legal ideas of western scholars. Lord tannin's legal thought of judicial justice and protection of freedom is worthy of our study, and his specific contribution to the reform of English law after World War II has provided beneficial enlightenment for the improvement of the legal system construction in relevant aspects of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D956.1

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