法院家事证据调查制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 11:31

本文选题：家事案件 + 法院证据调查　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的快速发展,传统的婚姻家庭观念不断改变,涉及人身关系以及家庭财产的家事案件的数量越来越多,案件情况也越来越复杂,而且家庭财产的范围也逐步扩大,不仅包括传统意义上的有形资产,如金钱、房产、土地、债务,还包括无形资产,如股票、公司股权、债券等。实践中,由于家事案件证据具有隐秘性和难收集等特点,加之很多家事案件的一方当事人诉讼能力弱,对如何收集证据维护自己的合法权益没有明确的概念,如果仍然继续采用审理财产纠纷案件的方法审理家事纠纷案件,仅仅依靠当事人所提供的证据,不挖掘和发现家事纠纷背后隐藏的真正问题,法官就难以完全了解案件的全貌,也就难以做出准确的判决,这样容易造成案件审结后社会效果不佳,严重的可能会进而影响社会的和谐与稳定。普通民事案件主要依靠当事人的证据收集方式无法适应家事案件复杂性和特殊性的需要,因此在家事案件的审理提倡法院依职权调查取证,主动探知案件真实,从而作出准确的判决,维护社会弱势群体的利益,进而有利于维护社会稳定。然而目前我国没有单独的家事诉讼程序,也没有建立专门的家事案件证据制度,因此本文将焦点集中在法院家事证据调查上,在分析家事案件中法院证据调查制度的必要性的基础上,借鉴其他国家和地区的经验,再结合我国家事审判改革试点法院的实践经验,从法律制度、经济成本、社会资源、操作技术四个方面对在改革中法院证据调查方面遇到的问题进行具体分析,并对我国法院家事证据调查制度的完善提出了自己的建议,以期对我国构建专门的家事案件证据制度尽一份绵薄之力。本文共分引言、正文和结论三部分,正文主要分为五章,主要内容是:第一章,法院家事证据调查制度概述。笔者在这部分首先对法院家事证据调查制度的概念、特征及意义进行简要的介绍,进而对法院家事证据调查制度的可行性和必要性进行分析论述。第二章,家事证据制度的域外考察。鉴于大陆法系中德国、日本以及英美法系中的英国、美国在家事诉讼制度上都较为成熟,因此笔者主要对这些国家进行研究。德国有着独立的家事审判程序,法院在家事纠纷案件中可以依职权进行一系列的诉讼活动;日本的家事调查官制度为日本的家庭裁判所处理家事案件和少年案件提供极大的支撑;英国司法系统与社会支持系统相结合;美国家庭法院分类受理家庭案件,可以以个案作业非正式的方式处理。这些国家的制度都可以为我国的家事证据调查制度的构建提供一些借鉴。第三章,我国法院家事证据调查制度的现状。这部分主要从立法现状和实证考察两方面来阐述。由于我国目前家事审判改革尚处于起步阶段,因此我国对家事证据调查没有专门的法律规定,都是依托于民事诉讼法及其司法解释等法律基础之上。笔者在对法院家事证据调查制度立法现状进行阐述之后,将重点放在对法院家事证据调查制度的实证考察上。这部分内容,笔者主要从法院在实践中证据调查所适用的原则以及新引入的辅助制度两方面来论述我国目前家事审判试点法院在审判实践中的证据调查制度的具体操作情况以及所取得的成效。第四章,我国家事证据调查制度的困境。由于该项制度尚在探索之中,因此各地的试点法院在实践过程中均遇到了不同程度的困难和问题。笔者将从法律制度、经济成本、社会资源、操作技术四个方面进一步分析当前在法院家事证据调查取证制度所面临的困境。第五章,对完善我国法院家事证据调查制度的建议。笔者结合目前法院在家事案件中进行证据调查的实证考察,以及法院在家事证据调查上存在的困难,认为可以通过进一步完善相应的法律法规及配套制度,加大对法院家事案件调查取证的经费支持,加强与各部门、相关单位的长效协作机制以及完善法院家事案件调查取证的程序细节这些方面来完善法院家事证据调查制度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy and society, the traditional concept of marriage and family is constantly changing, the number of cases involving personal relations and family property is increasing, and the cases are becoming more and more complex, and the scope of family property is gradually expanding, including not only the tangible assets in the traditional sense, such as money, property, land and debt, but also the traditional sense of property. It includes intangible assets, such as stock, stock, bond and so on. In practice, because the evidence of the family case is hidden and difficult to collect, and the ability of one party in many family cases is weak, there is no clear concept on how to collect evidence to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests, and if still continue to adopt the case of hearing property disputes. To hear the case of family disputes, only relying on the evidence provided by the parties and not excavating and discovering the real problems hidden behind the family disputes, the judge will be difficult to fully understand the full picture of the case, and it is difficult to make an accurate judgment. This will easily cause a bad result of the association after the case, which may seriously affect the society. The common civil cases mainly rely on the evidence collection method of the parties, which can not adapt to the needs of the complexity and particularity of the family case. Therefore, in the case of family affairs, it advocates the court to investigate and obtain evidence in accordance with the authority of the court and actively explore the truth of the case, thus making an accurate decision and maintaining the interests of the social vulnerable groups, and thus beneficial to the interests of the social disadvantaged groups. In order to maintain social stability, however, there is no separate family litigation procedure and no special family case evidence system, so the focus of this paper is on the investigation of the evidence of the court, on the basis of the analysis of the necessity of the court evidence investigation system in the case of family affairs, and the experience of other countries and regions. In accordance with the practical experience of the trial court of the reform of home affairs trial in China, this paper makes a specific analysis of the problems encountered in the court of evidence investigation in the reform from four aspects of the legal system, economic cost, social resources and operation technology, and puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of the domestic court evidence investigation system in our country, with a view to establishing a special construction of our country. This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, the main body of the text is divided into five chapters. The main content is: the first chapter, the summary of the court family evidence investigation system. In this part, the author first briefly introduces the concept, characteristics and significance of the court family evidence investigation system, and then to the law. The feasibility and necessity of the family evidence investigation system is analyzed. The second chapter, the extraterritorial investigation of the family evidence system. In view of the German, Japanese and British and American legal systems in the continental law system, the United States is more mature in the family procedure system, so the author mainly studies these countries. Germany has an independent family affairs. The trial procedure, the court can carry out a series of litigation activities in the case of family disputes; the Japanese family affairs investigation officer system provides a great support for the family cases and juvenile cases handled by the Japanese family referees; the British judicial system is combined with the social support system; the family court of the United States accepts family cases in classification. The system of the case work is handled informally. The system of these countries can provide some reference for the construction of domestic evidence investigation system in China. The third chapter, the status of the domestic court evidence investigation system in our country. This part is mainly from the two aspects of the legislative situation and the empirical investigation. In the initial stage, there is no special legal provisions on the investigation of family evidence in China, which are based on the legal basis of the civil procedure law and its judicial interpretation. The author will focus on the empirical investigation of the court evidence investigation system after the present state of legislation of the court evidence investigation system. The author mainly discusses the specific operation situation and achievements of the evidence investigation system in the trial practice of domestic trial court from two aspects of the application of the evidence investigation in the practice of the court and the newly introduced auxiliary system. The fourth chapter, the plight of the system of domestic evidence investigation in China. The degree is still in the exploration, so the pilot courts all over the country have encountered different difficulties and problems in the process of practice. The author will further analyze the difficulties faced by the legal system, the economic cost, the social resources, and the operation technology in four aspects. The fifth chapter is to perfect the home court of our country. On the basis of the empirical investigation of the evidence investigation in the family cases and the difficulties of the court in the investigation of family evidence, the author believes that the financial support for the investigation and evidence of the court case can be strengthened by further perfecting the relevant laws and regulations and supporting system, and it is strengthened with the various ministries. The door, the long-term coordination mechanism of relevant units, and the procedure details of improving the court's family cases investigation and evidence collection to improve the family court evidence investigation system.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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