法律文本中的模糊语言现象及其翻译研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 15:05

【摘要】：自从1965年札德博士的模糊集理论诞生以来,模糊学在40多年的时间里得到了飞速发展,不仅仅有力地推动了人工智能技术的发展,整个学术界也因此发生了巨大的改变。模糊性表现在实际语言运用中就称之为模糊语言。模糊语言学的深入发展不仅表现在对其本体论的研究上,还表现在其相应跨学科的应用研究上。如今,模糊理论对很多学术领域都产生了深远的影响,其中包括外语教学、语言学、翻译学等等。因为语言是法律的载体,模糊性是自然语言的一个重要特征,所以法律语言也不可避免地存在模糊性。“任何语言,包括法律语言,都是不精确的表意工具,每一个字、词组和命题在其核心范围内具有明确无疑的意思,但是随着核心向边缘的扩展,语言会变得越来越不明确。”(徐国栋,1992)法律语言作为表述法律意义的首要工具,总存在边缘不清、界限不明的模糊集。据初步统计,我国《宪法》、《婚姻法》、《刑法》、《刑诉》和《治安管理条例》中存在大量模糊性表达,其中模糊词语占全部条文的30%以上,模糊语句为50%。(王洁,1997) 杜金榜教授(2004)则认为“从立法阶段开始,尽管立法者尽力追求法律的针对性和准确性,模糊性仍然是难以消除的现象,模糊性贯穿在法律活动的整个过程,法律语言正是在准确性和模糊性之间求得平衡。”然而迄今为止,几乎所有从事法律语言研究的学者都认为：准确性是法律语言的灵魂,也是法律语言的基本格调；然而同时模糊性是与准确性相对而并不相悖的一个特点,而且国内外谈论、研究法律语言模糊性的书籍和文章并不多,其分析也不够具体和完整。作者充分参考了前人的若干研究成果,分别总结了法律英语的文体特点、模糊集合论及其由此而产生的模糊语言学的特点、法律文本中准确性与模糊性的辩证关系、区分了三个看似相似实有细微区别的模糊语言的定义。在第四章的实证研究中,作者强调了法律所涵盖的公平正义,因此法律语言的原则性强,涵盖广义,而这种广义的包含性表达跟法律语言的概括性、模糊性与不确定性有着很大的关系。作者通过对法律语言中常见的三个概念的总结与归纳,进一步阐释了模糊性是法律语言的内在本质的特点。从认识论和思维学角度来说,法律语言是一种思维语言,法律语言的模糊性正是源于思维的模糊性,而思维的模糊性源自于所认识的对象的复杂性及由此产生的概念的不确定性。法律语言的模糊性是难以消除的现象,贯穿于法律活动的整个过程；从社会学角度来看,法律的基本功能就是明确规定社会公民的各项权利和义务。由于法律现象复杂多变,社会不断发展演变,为了使法律能够具有更大的包容性、概括性和前瞻性,法律语言不得不采用大量的模糊语词来弥补语言符号本身的局限性和人类认知的模糊性。翻译是语际间的转换活动,自然也存在模糊性。在法律翻译实践中,译者不仅要理解原文中词语的系统意义即其在词典中的抽象涵义,更重要的是要在特定的法律背景下掌握其外延涵义。而且译者必须要熟练掌握两个国家相关的法律和文化背景知识才能完成翻译中的理解过程进而实现法律语言模糊性的顺利翻译。法律语言的翻译以忠实准确为原则,其中法律模糊语言的翻译,也不能背离这一基本原则。但是在翻译法律模糊语言的过程中,却不能一味采取字面的准确和忠实。作者在广泛涉猎相关理论著作及相关论文的基础上,采用实证研究的方法,对法律英语的模糊性及其翻译进行了较为系统的研究,并在此基础上进行了总结与归纳。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of Dr . Zadeh ' s fuzzy set theory in 1965 , the fuzzy theory has been developed rapidly in more than 40 years , not only the development of artificial intelligence technology , but also the great changes in the whole academic circle .

Because the language is the carrier of law , the ambiguity is an important feature of natural language , so the legal language inevitably has ambiguity . " Any language , including legal language , is an imprecise ideographic tool , but with the extension of the core to the edge , the language becomes more and more ambiguous . " ( Xu Guodong , 1992 ) legal language is the first tool to express legal meaning .

Professor Du Jin ( 2004 ) said : " From the beginning of the legislative stage , although legislators do their best to pursue the pertinence and accuracy of the law , the ambiguity is still difficult to eliminate , and the ambiguity runs through the whole process of legal activity , and the legal language is the balance between accuracy and ambiguity . " However , almost all scholars engaged in legal language study believe that the accuracy is the soul of the legal language and the basic tone of the legal language ;
At the same time , the ambiguity is one of the characteristics of the relative accuracy and not the contradiction , and there are not many books and articles about the vague nature of the legal language at home and abroad , the analysis is not specific and complete . In the empirical study of the fourth chapter , the author sums up the stylistic features of the legal English , the fuzzy set theory and the dialectical relation of the ambiguity .

From the perspective of epistemology and thought , legal language is a kind of thinking language , and the ambiguity of legal language is derived from the ambiguity of thinking , and the ambiguity of thinking is derived from the complexity of the object and the uncertainty of the concept . The ambiguity of legal language is difficult to eliminate , which runs through the whole process of legal activity ;
From the perspective of sociology , the basic function of the law is to specify the rights and obligations of the citizens of society . Because of the complexity of legal phenomena and the evolution of society , in order to make the law more inclusive , general and forward - looking , the legal language has to adopt a large amount of vague words to make up the limitation of the language symbol itself and the ambiguity of human cognition .

In the practice of legal translation , the translator needs not only to understand the system meaning of the original words , that is , the abstract meaning in the dictionary , but also to realize the smooth translation of the ambiguity of the legal language .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H315.9

【相似文献】