防治针对未成年人家庭暴力的法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 14:10

【摘要】：家庭暴力问题不仅是家庭问题更是社会问题,已经受到了国际社会的广泛关注。在我国内地,家庭暴力问题也被高度关注,已于2014年11月25日出台了《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法(草案)》(征求意见稿),我国内地《反家庭暴力法》的正式公布指日可待。但必须注意的是,该《反家暴征求意见稿》主要关注的是配偶间的家庭暴力,对未成年人家庭暴力的规定较少,不利于未成年人的保护。因为相较妇女,未成年人具有其特殊性,其身心尚未发育成熟,对其实施家庭暴力往往会造成更加严重的后果。虽然最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部于2014年12月18日公布了《关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见》,该《意见》的相关规定操作性较强,具有指导作用,但其适用主体仅限于人民法院、人民检察院、公安部和民政部两院两部,即不是面向社会大众的,且该《意见》仅是针对未成年人监护人的监护侵害行为,而本文涉及的针对未成年人家庭暴力的施暴主体不仅包括监护人,还包括其他家庭成员。因此,如何建立有效地防治针对未成年人家庭暴力的法律制度,对于保护未成年人的健康成长、维护家庭和谐和促进社会稳定具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以实例为立足点和出发点,通过对案例的剖析,探讨我国内地在防治针对未成年人家庭暴力过程中存在的不足,从而提出完善相关立法的建议。除引言和结语外,本文主要分为以下五部分,约2.8万字。第一部分:问题的提出。本部分主要介绍了两个典型案例,然后从这两个案例中提炼出本文的相关问题,即:一方面针对未成年人的家庭暴力仍然存在,且时有发生;另一方面我国内地在防治针对未成年人的家庭暴力过程中,还存在一些不足,如反对针对未成年人家庭暴力的意识淡薄,缺乏及时有效的预防制度和处置制度等。第二部分:我国内地针对未成年人家庭暴力的概述。本部分主要阐述了针对未成年人家庭暴力的定义、特征,产生的危害和原因。第三部分:域外关于防治针对未成年人家庭暴力的立法规定。首先,介绍了日本立法关于扩展儿童虐待的定义、设立儿童商谈所等的规定。其次,介绍了英国对遭受家庭暴力的未成年人确立的警察保护、儿童评估令和儿童紧急保护令等紧急保护的制度。再次,介绍了我国台湾地区规定的民事保护令和监督探望权等制度。最后,对域外的这些法律规定进行比较和评析,为我国内地完善防治针对未成年人家庭暴力的法律提供借鉴。第四部分:我国内地在防治针对未成年人家庭暴力方面的立法与评析。本部分首先介绍了我国内地在防治针对未成年人家庭暴力方面的立法规定。其次对这些相关立法规定作出简要的评析,尤其对2014年《反家暴征求意见稿》的不足进行了阐述,如:立法未贯彻儿童最大利益原则、未规定针对未成年人家庭暴力的概念、缺乏完善的预防机制和处置机制等。第五部分:我国内地防治针对未成年人家庭暴力立法之完善建议。一是贯彻儿童最大利益原则;二是构建防治针对未成年人家庭暴力的法律制度,如规定针对未成年人家庭暴力的概念,完善针对未成年人家庭暴力的预防机制和处置机制。
[Abstract]:Family violence is not only a family problem, but also a social problem, which has attracted wide attention from the international community. In the mainland of China, the problem of domestic violence has also been highly concerned. On November 25, 2014, the Draft Law of the People's Republic of China Against Domestic Violence (Draft) was promulgated, and the Mainland of China's Anti-Domestic Violence Law was officially promulgated. However, it must be noted that the main concern of the draft is the domestic violence between spouses, which is less prescribed for domestic violence against minors and is not conducive to the protection of minors. Because minors have their own particularities, their physical and mental development is not yet mature, domestic violence against them is often created. Although the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Civil Affairs promulgated on December 18, 2014 the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Treatment of Guardians'Infringement on Minors' Rights and Interests according to Law, the Opinions are highly operational and have a guiding role, but their applicable subjects are limited to the People's Law. The courtyard, the People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Civil Affairs are two parts of the courtyard, that is, they are not for the public, and the opinions are only directed at the guardianship infringement of juvenile guardians. The subject of domestic violence against juveniles involved in this article includes not only guardians, but also other family members. The legal system governing domestic violence against minors is of great theoretical and practical significance in protecting the healthy growth of minors, maintaining family harmony and promoting social stability. Based on examples, this paper discusses the existence of domestic violence against minors in the mainland of China through the analysis of cases. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into the following five parts, about 28,000 words. The first part: the question raised. This part mainly introduces two typical cases, and then extracts the relevant issues of this article from the two cases, namely: on the one hand, domestic violence against minors. On the other hand, in the process of preventing and curing domestic violence against minors, there are still some shortcomings, such as weak awareness of opposing domestic violence against minors, lack of timely and effective prevention system and disposal system. This part mainly elaborates the definition, characteristics, harms and causes of domestic violence against minors. Part III: Legislative provisions on the prevention and control of domestic violence against minors. First, it introduces the Japanese legislation on the extension of the definition of child abuse, the establishment of a children's forum and other provisions. Secondly, it introduces the United Kingdom on the sufferings. The system of police protection, children's assessment order and children's emergency protection order established by minors who are subjected to domestic violence is introduced. Thirdly, the system of civil protection order and supervision visitation right stipulated in Taiwan is introduced. Finally, these legal provisions outside the country are compared and analyzed, so as to improve the prevention and treatment of minors in China. Part IV: Legislation and Analysis on Prevention and Treatment of Domestic Violence Against Minors in Mainland China. This part firstly introduces the legislative provisions on prevention and treatment of domestic violence against minors in Mainland China. Secondly, it makes a brief comment on these relevant legislative provisions, especially in 2014. The deficiencies of "Anti-Domestic Violence Draft" were expounded, such as: the legislation did not implement the principle of the best interests of children, did not stipulate the concept of domestic violence against minors, and lacked perfect prevention mechanism and disposal mechanism. The second is to establish a legal system to prevent and control domestic violence against minors, such as the concept of domestic violence against minors, improve the prevention mechanism and disposal mechanism of domestic violence against minors.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.9

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