居住权制度若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 16:56

【摘要】： 居住权起源于罗马法时期,在罗马法里,居住权是指居住他人房屋的权利。罗马法之所以设置居住权制度,最初是出于保障部分没有继承权而又需要照顾的家庭成员的基本生活需要。后世的大陆法系国家,如法国、德国、意大利、瑞士等国,在其民法典中,都有居住权制度的相关规定。英国的婚姻家庭法和美国的离婚判例中也有与居住权制度的相关规定。但在西法东渐的过程中,日本、韩国和我国的台湾地区的民法典,都没有居住权制度的相关规定。我国在制定《物权法》的过程中,物权法草案中的居住权制度经历了从无到有,再从有到无的过程,2007年3月16日全国人大通过的《物权法》也没有居住权的规定。《物权法》已颁布两年多,我国是否需要居住权制度,笔者对此持肯定态度。本文由导言、正文、结语三部分组成,正文由居住权制度概述、罗马法及其他国家关于居住权的规定与分析、我国是否应该进行居住权立法和我国居住权制度的立法建议四章组成,其中正文第三章和第四章是本文的主体部分。导言对本文的背景作了概括性的介绍。第一章是关于居住权制度的概述,从居住权的概念、法律性质以及与相关制度的比较三个方面进行了论述。在居住权概念方面,介绍了主要大陆法系国家居住权的概念和我国学界对居住权概念的界定。在分析总结各种居住权概念的特征后,本文对居住权概念作了界定。在性质方面,居住权属于物权,是他物权中的用益物权。通过居住权与租赁权、借用权和典权的比较分析得出居住权的功能并不能被这些制度所取代。第二章介绍罗马法及其他国家关于居住权的规定,并对相关规定作了分析。首先介绍了罗马法上的居住权制度,分析罗马法为什么要设立居住权制度,其次介绍了居住权制度在大陆法系主要国家的继受和发展、英美法的相关制度以及东亚各国对居住权制度继受的中断,在此基础上,分析了它们各自的原因。最后通过分析总结,得出相应的启示。第三章论述了我国是否应该进行居住权立法。笔者首先介绍支持居住权立法的主要理由和反对居住权立法的主要理由,并分别进行了评析。在此基础上,笔者对我国居住权立法作了理性思考,并列举了一些《物权法》颁布后新出现的案例及其解决途径,以此说明我国司法实践和现实生活中都需要居住权制度。第四章对我国居住权制度的立法发表了一些建议。首先介绍了我国学界关于居住权制度立法体例的建议,通过分析比较,本文提出了一种符合我国国情的立法体例。接着对我国最近一次规定居住权制度的物权法草案即物权法草案第四次审议稿进行评析。结语部分提出,虽然我国现行的《物权法》没有规定居住权制度,但由于我国社会经济发展的需要,未来在我国民法典中建立符合我国国情的居住权制度是大势所趋。
[Abstract]:The right of residence originates from the period of Roman law. In Roman law, the right of residence refers to the right to live in another person's house. The reason why Roman law set up residence right system was to protect the basic living needs of some family members who had no right of inheritance and needed to be cared for. Later civil law countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and other countries, in their civil codes, have the relevant provisions of the right of abode system. British marriage and family law and divorce cases in the United States also have provisions related to the right of abode system. However, in the process of the gradual development of Western France, the civil codes of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have no relevant provisions of the right of abode system. In the process of formulating the property Law in China, the residence right system in the draft of the Real right Law has experienced from nothing to existence. Again, there is no right of abode in the property Law passed by the National people's Congress on March 16, 2007. It has been promulgated for more than two years, and the author holds a positive attitude about whether China needs a residence right system. This paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is made up of an overview of the system of residence rights, the provisions and analysis of Roman law and other countries on the right of residence. Whether our country should carry on the residence right legislation and our country residence right system legislative proposal four chapters composition, in which the main body part of this article is the body chapter three and the fourth chapter. The introduction gives a general introduction to the background of this paper. The first chapter is an overview of the right of residence system, from the concept of the right of residence, the legal nature and the comparison with the relevant systems are discussed. In terms of the concept of the right of residence, this paper introduces the concept of the right of residence in the main civil law countries and the definition of the concept of the right of residence in the academic circles of our country. After analyzing and summarizing the characteristics of various concepts of residence right, this paper defines the concept of residence right. In nature, the right of residence belongs to real right and is the usufruct right of his real right. Through the comparative analysis of the right of residence and the right of lease, it is concluded that the function of the right of residence cannot be replaced by these systems. The second chapter introduces the Roman law and other countries about the right of residence, and makes an analysis of the relevant provisions. First of all, it introduces the residence right system in Roman law, analyzes why the Roman law should establish the residence right system, and then introduces the succession and development of the residence right system in the main countries of the continental law system. On the basis of the relevant system of Anglo-American law and the interruption of residence right system in East Asian countries, their respective reasons are analyzed. Finally, through the analysis and summary, the corresponding enlightenment is obtained. The third chapter discusses whether our country should carry on the residence right legislation. Firstly, the author introduces the main reasons of supporting the legislation of residence right and the main reason of opposing the legislation of residence right. On this basis, the author makes rational thinking on the legislation of residence right in our country, and enumerates some new cases and their solutions after the promulgation of Real right Law, so as to show that the system of residence right is needed in judicial practice and in real life in our country. The fourth chapter makes some suggestions on the legislation of residence right system in our country. First of all, the author introduces the suggestions of Chinese academic circles on the legislative style of residence right system, and through the analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward a kind of legislative style which is in line with the national conditions of our country. Then it comments on the draft of the property Law, the fourth draft of the Real right Law, which provides for the right of residence system in our country. The conclusion part points out that although the current Real right Law does not provide for the residence right system, it is the trend of the times to establish the residence right system in the civil code of our country in the future because of the need of the social and economic development of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923.2

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