反垄断法豁免制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 12:24

本文关键词：反垄断法豁免制度研究　出处：《郑州大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反垄断法的豁免制度，亦称为适用除外制度，指对原来属于反垄断法限制或禁止的行为或行业，基于一定的条件赋予其合法性，使之免受反垄断法规制。反垄断法豁免制度是世界各国各地区反垄断法中所共有的法律制度；它与一国的政治、经济形势和国际关系密切相关，具有很强的政策性。中国的反垄断法呼之欲出，如何构建我国的反垄断法豁免制度也是备受关注。反垄断法豁免的理论依据、主要功能和价值取向是反垄断法豁免制度的理论基础，构成了反垄断法豁免制度的内涵。反垄断法豁免制度是有条件的、相对的豁免，并非无条件的完全排除了垄断行为的非法性，而是针对某些部门、某些行业在特定时期或特种情况下的特定行为予以豁免。反垄断法豁免制度同时又具有很强的政策性，与一国的政治、经济形势和国际关系密切相关。反垄断法豁免制度的出台，源于垄断具有一定的合理性，可以形成规模经济，，提高效率。而过度竞争具有破坏性，会造成资源浪费，增加社会成本。垄断是竞争的必然结果，而垄断形成之后，在压抑竞争的同时也会引发更加激烈、更高层次的竞争，这就是垄断和竞争的统一。豁免制度可以弥补反垄断法立法技术不足，可以修补反垄断制度利益取舍单一的不足，可避免过度竞争所造成的社会资源的巨大浪费，防止牺牲应有的规模经济效益。当某种限制竞争行为所带来的经济效益大于所造成的损害时，这种行为就是有价值的，就应当适用豁免。因此，经济效益成为判断垄断或限制竞争行为合法与否的标准，也成为反垄断法豁免制度所追求的首要价值目标。但反垄断法豁免制度作为反垄断法制度体系的组成部分，必然要体现反垄断法作为市场管理法所追求的目标，即社会公平。这种价值取向也直接蕴涵于当代反垄断立法中。而出于对法律理性的考量，针对某些特殊组织和自由职业者，道德成为反垄断豁免的重要价值目标。反垄断法豁免的对象与范围构成了反垄断法豁免制度的外延。综合比较分析国外反垄断法豁免制度的不同规定，本文所要探讨的反垄断法豁免制度的范围包括：(1)自然垄断行业。自然垄断行业是指，如果行业内单一企业生产该行业所有各种产品的总成本小于由多个企业分别生产各种产品的成本之合，该企业就是自然垄断行业。如邮电、通讯、电力、煤气、自来水、铁路、公路、港口等属于
[Abstract]:The exemption system of the anti-monopoly law, also known as the exemption system, refers to the behavior or trade that belongs to the restriction or prohibition of the anti-monopoly law, which is endowed with the legality based on certain conditions. The exemption system of anti-monopoly law is a common legal system in the anti-monopoly law of various countries and regions in the world. It is closely related to a country's political, economic situation and international relations, and has a strong policy. The theoretical basis, main function and value orientation of the exemption system of anti-monopoly law is the theoretical basis of the exemption system of anti-monopoly law, which constitutes the connotation of the exemption system of anti-monopoly law, and the exemption system of anti-monopoly law is conditional. Relative immunity does not completely exclude the illegality of monopolistic acts unconditionally, but is directed against certain sectors. The exemption system of anti-monopoly law has a strong policy at the same time, and the politics of a country. The economic situation is closely related to international relations. The introduction of the exemption system of anti-monopoly law stems from the rationality of monopoly, which can form economies of scale and improve efficiency, while excessive competition is destructive. Monopoly is the inevitable result of competition, and after the formation of monopoly, it will lead to more intense and higher level competition while suppressing competition. This is the unity of monopoly and competition. The exemption system can make up for the lack of legislative technology of anti-monopoly law, can repair the interests of the anti-monopoly system of a single deficiency. It can avoid the huge waste of social resources caused by excessive competition, and avoid sacrificing the economic benefits of scale, when the economic benefits caused by a certain restriction of competition are greater than the damage caused. Such conduct is valuable and should be subject to immunity. Therefore, economic benefits are the criterion for judging the legality of monopolies or restrictions on competition. But as an integral part of the anti-monopoly system, the anti-monopoly law must reflect the goal pursued by the anti-monopoly law as the market management law. That is, social equity. This value orientation is also directly implied in the contemporary antitrust legislation. But out of the consideration of legal rationality, some special organizations and freelancers are targeted. Morality has become an important value goal of anti-monopoly immunity. The object and scope of the exemption of anti-monopoly law constitute the extension of the exemption system of anti-monopoly law. The scope of the exemption system of the anti-monopoly law in this paper includes the natural monopoly industry, which refers to the natural monopoly industry. If the total cost of producing all kinds of products in the industry is less than the total cost of producing all kinds of products separately by more than one enterprise, the enterprise is a natural monopoly industry, such as post and telecommunications, electricity, gas. Running water, railways, roads, ports, etc.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294

【引证文献】