公司设立瑕疵法律后果立法模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 21:21

本文关键词：公司设立瑕疵法律后果立法模式研究　出处：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司作为一国经济发展的主要形式,各国都对公司设立条件进行严格的规定。公司设立瑕疵是指公司已经获得法人资格,但在设立过程中存在违反法律规定的条件或程序。关于公司设立瑕疵的类型,可将公司设立瑕疵分为效力性瑕疵和违法性瑕疵。有瑕疵的公司设立行为可以分为广义的违法行为和狭义的违法行为。广义的违法行为指所有违反法律规定的行为;狭义的违法行为指违反法律义务而需要承担法律责任的行为。效力有瑕疵的公司设立行为属于广义的违法行为,因为该行为虽违反了法律规定,但这种瑕疵只对行为本身的效力产生影响,不涉及法律责任的承担问题。而违法的公司设立行为属于狭义的违法行为,因为该行为违反了法律预先规定的义务,需要承担相应的法律责任。在解决公司设立瑕疵问题上,两大法系针对公司设立瑕疵法律后果采取了不同的立法模式。英美法系国家采取原则承认主义的立法模式,即使公司设立过程中存在存在瑕疵,一般不能取消公司法人资格。但例外情形下可以撤销公司登记,以英国和美国最为典型。大陆法系国家采取原则否认主义的立法模式,如果公司设立存在瑕疵,原则上必须取消公司人格,通过公司设立无效制度或公司设立可撤销制度宣告公司设立无效或撤销,但对主张公司设立无效或撤销的适用范围作出了严格的规定。可以看出,虽然两大法系国家处理公司设立瑕疵的具体方法和制度设计有所不同,但在立法理念上趋同,都坚持企业维持原则、交易效率原则和交易安全原则。我国公司法、司法解释及相关的法律法规极少关注公司设立瑕疵问题,在很多方面还存在立法空白,目前只能通过行政撤销的方法解决公司设立瑕疵问题,实际上是由行政机关决定瑕疵公司的人格存废,这种立法模式存在严重的弊端,违背了公司自治的理念,难以保证处理结果的公平性。另外,在公司设立瑕疵法律后果的相关立法中,虽然作出了相关规定,但存在严重的缺陷。即使公司法及相关的法律法规进行多次修改,也没有关注公司设立瑕疵问题。因此,我国急需重构公司设立瑕疵的相关立法。关于我国公司设立瑕疵法律后果立法模式的重构,针对公司设立过程中产生的效力性瑕疵和违法性瑕疵必须采取不同的立法模式。就效力性瑕疵而言,构建公司不存在之诉制度,因为公司人格只有“存在或不存在”、“有或无”的基本形态,不存在“有效或无效”的形态,“有效或无效”其实是律行为效力的判断标准。因此,不能采取大陆法系国家的公司设立无效制度或可撤销制度来解决效力性瑕疵。就违法性瑕疵而言,构建公司解散之诉制度,通过诉讼的方式克服行政撤销立法模式的弊端。总之,无论是效力性瑕疵还是违法性瑕疵,都可能对公司人格产生影响,通过两种制度的灵活运用,切实解决公司公司设立瑕疵问题。
[Abstract]:As the main form of a country's economic development, many countries have set up company conditions of strict regulations. The defective company refers to the company has obtained the qualification of legal person, but there is a violation of the law or procedure in the establishment process. Regarding the type of defects in company establishment, the defective company divided into effectiveness and defects illegal defects. The defective incorporation behavior can be divided into broad and narrow illegal violations of generalized means all violates the legal provisions; illegal behavior in narrow sense refers to violate the law of obligations should undertake the legal liability act. Validity of the defective incorporation is illegal in broad sense because, although the act in violation of the law, but the impact of this defect only on the validity of the act itself, assume the problem does not involve the legal responsibility of the illegal. The establishment of the company is illegal in the narrow sense, because of the violation of the legal obligations in advance, need to bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In solving the defective incorporation, the two legal systems for defective company legal consequences take different legislative modes. Common law countries adopt the legislative mode of recognition, even if the company the establishment of the defects existing in the process, generally cannot cancel the corporate qualification. But exceptional circumstances can cancel the registration of the company, the United Kingdom and the United States. The most typical civil law countries adopt the legislative mode principle deny doctrine, if the company set up its flaws, in principle, must cancel the corporate personality, through the invalid incorporation system or the establishment of the company the company set up the revocation system declared invalid or revoked, the scope of claims but the invalid incorporation or revocation made strictly The provisions can be seen, although the specific method and system design of two big law countries deal with the defective company is different, but in the legislative idea of convergence, all adhere to the principle of maintaining enterprises, transaction efficiency principle and transaction security principle. Our company law, judicial interpretation and relevant laws and regulations pay little attention to the defective incorporation company in many aspects, there are legislative gaps, currently only through administrative revocation to solve the defective incorporation, is actually decided by administrative organs of the abolition of the defective company personality, this legislative mode has serious drawbacks, in violation of the company autonomy, it is difficult to guarantee the fairness of the results. In addition, the relevant legislation of defective the legal consequences in the company, although to make the relevant provisions, but there are serious defects. Even if the company law and the relevant laws and regulations of amendment, also Not concerned about the defective incorporation. Therefore, the relevant legislation of our country is badly in need of reconstruction of defective company. China's reconstruction of the defective company the legal consequences of the legislative model, the company set up produced in the process of effectiveness of flaws and illegality flaws must adopt different legislative models. The effectiveness of flaws, the construction company does not exist the lawsuit, because the company personality only "exist or not exist", "basic form with or without", there is no valid or invalid "form," valid or invalid "is actually the law behavior effect judgment standard. Therefore, can not take the civil law countries, the system of invalid incorporation or revocation effectiveness of the system to solve the defects. The illegitimacy of flaws, the construction company dissolution litigation system, overcome the drawbacks of the legislative mode of administrative revocation by way of litigation. In a word, whether it is effective Sexual defects or illegality blemishes may have an impact on the personality of the company. Through the flexible application of the two systems, it can effectively solve the defects of the company's company.

【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【相似文献】