一人公司债权人利益的法律保护研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 18:18

本文关键词： 一人公司债权人利益有限责任法人人格　出处：《长春工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济改革和经济的高速发展,人们参与投资的方式也变得多样化,越来越多的人们开始选择设立公司来追求经济利益,而一人公司作为一种特殊的有限责任公司,其具有传统公司股东有限责任性的特点,同时一人公司的设立简便,运转高效灵活,深受中小投资者的青睐。自2005年《公司法》承认一人公司的法律地位后,一人公司在我国已经有10年的发展。2013年对公司法进行修订,更是将实缴制改为认缴制,对投资者而言1块钱也能开公司,这意味着一人公司的数量将大幅度增加。一人公司这种特殊的公司模式,决策机构只有一个人,股东的权利无限被放大,公司各个组织机构简化的特点使得公司高效运转,适应经济的发展。但是由于公司的股东只有一个人,股东滥用股东权利等行为缺乏监督。股东在追求价值最大化的过程中,难免容易忽略了债权人的利益,存在诸多破坏市场秩序的行为。如何平衡股东与债权人之间的关系,在关注经济效率的同时,又要维护公平,保障债权人的合法权利是本文所要研究的问题。本文从一人公司概念的界定入手,对什么是一人公司以及一人公司的种类作了介绍,分析了一人公司债权人利益保护制度的理论基础,并通过与传统公司的差异比较来突显一人公司制度的特殊性。一人公司在股东数量、内部治理结构、责任承担方面与传统公司都有所不同,一人公司的特性使实践中公司财产和股东的财产发生混同的事件屡见不鲜,这对债权人是非常不利的,因此加强对债权人利益的法律保护刻不容缓。我国新《公司法》在一人公司信息公示、财务监督、债权人的救济方面都有新的规定,这些规定在一定程度上降低了对一人公司债权人侵权的风险。但是,立法过于笼统,缺乏可操作性等问题的存在使债权人利益无法得到足够有效的保障。因此,本文通过对比国外对一人公司债权人利益法律保护的相关立法,从中寻找可借鉴之处。最后,本文认为规定严格的财务监督制度,完善一人公司的信息披露制度和内部治理结构,细化一人公司人格否认制度,借鉴国外的次级债权制度是保障一人公司债权人利益的有效措施。
[Abstract]:With the reform of market economy and the rapid development of economy in our country, the ways in which people participate in investment have become diversified. More and more people begin to choose to set up companies to pursue economic benefits, and one-man companies as a special limited liability company. It has the characteristics of limited liability of shareholders of traditional companies, and the establishment of one-man company is simple, efficient and flexible, and it is favored by small and medium-sized investors. Since 2005, the company law has recognized the legal status of one-man company. One-man companies have been developing for 10 years in our country. In 2013, the Company Law was revised, and the paid-in system was changed to a subscription system. For investors, one yuan can also open a company. This means that the number of one-man companies will increase dramatically. In this particular corporate model, the decision-making body has only one person, the shareholders' rights are infinitely magnified, and the simplified nature of the company's various organizations makes the company operate efficiently. But because the shareholders of the company have only one person, the shareholders' abuse of shareholders' rights and other behaviors lack of supervision. In the process of pursuing the maximum value, the shareholders will easily ignore the interests of the creditors. There are many acts that undermine the order of the market. How to balance the relationship between shareholders and creditors, while paying attention to economic efficiency, while maintaining fairness, To protect the legitimate rights of creditors is a problem to be studied in this paper. Starting with the definition of one-man company, this paper introduces what is a one-man company and the types of one-person company. This paper analyzes the theoretical basis of the system of protecting the interests of creditors of one-man company, and highlights the particularity of one-man company system by comparing it with the traditional company. The number of shareholders, the internal governance structure, the number of shareholders, the internal governance structure of one-man company are analyzed. Liability is different from that of traditional companies. The characteristics of one-man companies make it common for the company's property to be mixed with that of the shareholders in practice, which is very detrimental to the creditors. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the legal protection of the interests of creditors. The new Company Law of our country has new provisions on the publicity of one-person company information, financial supervision, and relief of creditors. To some extent, these provisions reduce the risk of infringement on the creditors of one-person companies. However, the existence of legislation is too general and lack of maneuverability, so the interests of creditors cannot be effectively protected. This paper compares the relevant legislation of foreign countries on the legal protection of the creditors' interests of one-man company, and looks for some lessons to be drawn from it. Finally, this paper thinks that strict financial supervision system should be stipulated. To perfect the information disclosure system and internal governance structure of one-man company, to refine the denial system of personality of one-man company, and to draw lessons from the foreign secondary creditor's rights system are effective measures to protect the interests of creditors of one-man company.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【相似文献】