环境责任强制保险制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 04:14

本文关键词： 环境责任环境侵权行为强制责任保险　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国经济正经历高速发展时期,在取得各种经济利益的同时,环境问题却日益严峻,已经严重制约了经济的发展和人民的生活水平的提高。大型环境污染事件一旦爆发,不仅会造成巨大的经济损失,也会直接影响受灾地区的环境以及周边居民的人身健康和财产安全。环境污染问题涉及方方面面,许多学者从生态学、环境工程学等角度进行了研究,本文旨在从法律角度研究于环境事故发生之后及时填补受害人损失的问题。本文总体上围绕两个重心来写：第一,环境责任强制保险制度的适宜性,即主要从理论上以及实践上论证了强制保险模式与我国国情更加契合；第二,如何构建环境责任强制保险制度的问题,即具体制度的构架问题。具体而言,本文主要包括以下内容：第一部分是基础理论研究,探讨了环境责任强制保险制度的概念特征以及理论依据。由于环境责任强制保险制度在我国并没有一个明确统一的概念,对其适用范围的界定也没有统一标准,导致对该制度的认识以及功能的发挥产生极大的阻碍。因此,明确的概念和适用范围是该制度得以建立和有效推行的重要基础。第二部分通过对域外环境责任保险制度的比较研究以及典型国家的制度分析,为我国环境责任保险制度的构建提供有益参考。由于环境责任强制保险制度是舶来品,其能否与中国国情相适应,不仅需要对该制度的各种模式选择有深刻的理解,还需要通过我国法制实践来检验该制度的合理性。通过对国外环境责任保险制度总的发展历程进行分析总结,并对英国的任意保险模式和美国的强制保险模式进行比较,并结合我国具体国情来选择合理的立法模式。第三部分是通过对我国现行的环境污染强制责任保险制度在试点中存在的问题进行分析,总结经验教训。本部分以各省市地方出台实施的环境污染责任保险制度的法律文件为分析基础,并对实践中的具体问题进行总结,凸显自愿投保模式对环境责任保险制度功能发挥的局限,从而彰显出强制保险模式的合理性。第四部分是具体制度的构建,主要包括环境责任强制保险制度法律体系的完善、具体内容的设计和相关配套设施的构建。环境责任强制保险制度的确立应以立法为基础,并对相关法律制度进行修改和完善。首先,具体制度的设计应该将强制性与灵活性相结合,既要符合法律的强制性一般规定,又要与地区特色相结合。其次,相关配套设施的建立和完善是环境责任强制保险制度的建构的有益补充。
[Abstract]:Our country's economy is experiencing a period of rapid development, while making various economic benefits, the environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious, which have seriously restricted the development of the economy and the improvement of the people's living standard. Once large-scale environmental pollution incidents break out, Not only will it cause enormous economic losses, but it will also directly affect the environment in the affected areas and the personal health and property safety of the surrounding residents. The environmental pollution problem involves many aspects. Many scholars have studied ecology. Environmental engineering and other aspects of the study, the purpose of this article from the legal point of view after the environmental accident in time to fill the victim's losses. The suitability of the compulsory insurance system of environmental liability, that is, it proves that the mode of compulsory insurance is more in accord with the national conditions of our country in theory and practice; second, how to construct the compulsory insurance system of environmental liability, Specifically, this paper mainly includes the following contents:. The first part is the basic theory research, discusses the concept characteristic and the theoretical basis of the environmental liability compulsory insurance system. Because the environmental liability compulsory insurance system does not have a clear and unified concept in our country, There is no uniform standard for the definition of the scope of application, which leads to a great hindrance to the understanding of the system and the exertion of its functions. Therefore, a clear concept and scope of application are the important basis for the establishment and effective implementation of the system. The second part provides a useful reference for the construction of China's environmental liability insurance system through the comparative study of the extraterritorial environmental liability insurance system and the system analysis of typical countries. Whether it can be adapted to China's national conditions requires not only a profound understanding of the various modes of the system, It is also necessary to test the rationality of the system through the legal practice of our country. Through the analysis and summary of the general development of the foreign environmental liability insurance system, and the comparison between the arbitrary insurance mode in Britain and the compulsory insurance mode in the United States, Combined with the specific conditions of our country to choose a reasonable legislative model. The third part is to analyze the problems existing in the current environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance system in our country. Summing up the experience and lessons. This part is based on the legal documents of the environmental pollution liability insurance system issued and implemented by the provinces and cities, and summarizes the specific problems in practice. It highlights the limitation of voluntary insurance mode to the function of environmental liability insurance system, thus showing the rationality of compulsory insurance model. The 4th part is the construction of the specific system, including the perfection of the legal system of the compulsory environmental liability insurance system, the design of the concrete contents and the construction of the related supporting facilities. The establishment of the compulsory environmental liability insurance system should be based on the legislation. First of all, the design of the specific system should combine mandatory with flexibility, which should not only conform to the mandatory general provisions of the law, but also be combined with regional characteristics. The establishment and perfection of relevant supporting facilities is a beneficial supplement to the construction of compulsory environmental liability insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.284

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