无人机致害的赔偿责任主体研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 01:14

本文关键词： 无人机侵权责任主体免责事由产品责任　出处：《中国民航大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着无人机的普及,无人机引起的侵权案件也越来越多。鉴于无人机致害侵权的特殊性,现有的法律制度已经无法完善解决,这就需要对其进行分析,得出对应的法律制度,进而对我国立法工作提出建议。无人机致害情形主要分成两类,一类是对航空器的侵权,以无人机擅自闯入机场保护区为主,此种情形危害民航安全,导致大规模的航班延误;另一类是对地(水)面人员的侵权,以无人机坠毁击中他人为主,此种情形危害地(水)面人员的安全,导致人员伤亡及财产损失。现行法律将民用航空器侵权责任主体限定为经营者,但是当无人机被他人使用时,此种限定就有其不合理之处,因此应当结合不同情况,分析出不同责任主体及其应当承担的责任种类。另外,现行法律将民用航空器侵权的免责事由限于受害人故意,对受害人重大过失和第三人行为并没有规定,但是此种规定无法公平保障各方利益,因此应当提出更符合现实的免责事由。因为无人机的质量问题导致侵权的,还涉及产品责任问题。无人机的设计者、制造者、销售者、运输者、仓储者、维修者都可能成为产品责任的承担者。这些产品责任主体因为在无人机行业中的作用不同,各有其特性,因此应当具体分析,得出各自适用的产品责任规则。我国现行立法对无人机致害侵权的制度缺失不利于保障各方当事人的权益。应当以《侵权责任法》中的侵权规范为基础,兼顾无人机的特殊性进行制度架构。具体设计中,应当遵循逻辑的完整性和协同性。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of UAV, the infringement cases caused by UAV are more and more. In view of the particularity of damage infringement caused by UAV, the existing legal system can not be solved, so we need to analyze it and get the corresponding legal system. And then put forward some suggestions to our legislative work. The harm situation caused by UAV is mainly divided into two categories. One is infringement of aircraft, which is mainly caused by unauthorized entry of UAV into airport protection area, which endangers the safety of civil aviation and results in large-scale flight delay. The other is the infringement of land (water) personnel, in which the drone crash hits others mainly, which endangers the safety of land (water) personnel. The existing law limits the subject of tort liability for civil aircraft to the operator, but when the UAV is used by others, the limitation has its irrationality, so it should be combined with different circumstances. In addition, the current law limits the exemption of civil aircraft infringement to the victim's intention, and does not provide for the victim's gross negligence and third party's conduct. However, such a provision does not fairly protect the interests of all parties, and should therefore provide a more realistic excuse for disclaimer. Since the quality problem of drones leads to infringement, there is also the question of product liability. The designers, manufacturers, sellers of drones, Transporters, warehousers and maintainers may all be responsible for their products. Because of their different roles in the UAV industry, these product liability subjects have their own characteristics, so they should be specifically analyzed. The product liability rules applicable to them are obtained. The absence of the system of damage infringement caused by drones in our current legislation is not conducive to the protection of the rights and interests of the parties concerned. It should be based on the tort norms in the Tort liability Law. Considering the particularity of UAV, we should follow the logic integrality and cooperation in the design of UAV.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923;D922.296

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