小额贷款公司的法律监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 08:15

本文关键词： 小额贷款公司市场风险法律监管监管模式　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小额贷款是一项发源于国外的新型金融方式,向低收入人群和微型企业提供额度较小的持续信贷服务。小额贷款公司作为对我国传统金融机构的有效补充,通过向中小微企业以及“三农”持续不断的提供资金支持,在相当大的程度上缓解了中小微企业融资难的问题,对我国经济社会的发展做出重要贡献。但小额贷款公司在不断发展的道路上也暴露出很多问题,诸如法律定位不清、监管主体不明确、准入退出机制不完善等,这些问题都影响小额贷款公司健康持续的发展。本文采用对比研究方法,对我国现行小额贷款监管制度现状与不足进行分析,借鉴境外成功经验,并结合国情,对小额贷款公司的监管制度提出相应的完善建议。文章主要分为五大部分：第一部分对小额贷款公司的含义进行梳理。小额贷款公司由孟加拉国经济学家穆罕穆德·尤努斯创办,为乡村经济发展提供小额信贷。随着小额贷款公司的在经济发展中影响力不断扩大,由扶持贫困人群扩展至对微型企业贷款支持,其模式也推广到全球。但理论上与实践中对小额贷款公司的界定都较为模糊,我国2008年出台的《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)对我国的小额贷款公司进行了限定。通过对《指导意见》的解读给出我国现行立法对小额贷款公司的界定,归纳小额贷款公司的特征,总结梳理小额贷款公司在我国经济发展中的功能,在此基础上与其他金融机构相对比,明晰小额贷款公司概念的内涵和外延,为下文进一步研究奠定基础。第二部分主要介绍了我国小额贷款公司的现状及监管的必要性。20世纪90年代,小额贷款的作用开始受到政府的重视并得以推广,之后小额贷款公司一直处在快速发展的过程中,存在监管制度和行业风险等方面的问题。小额贷款公司作为一种金融创新,从理论上说,冲击传统的金融监管模式,加大金融市场的风险；实践中存在小贷公司参与者的道德风险、运营风险以及国家宏观调控的风险。解决上述问题需要对小额贷款公司进行有效的法律监管。第三部分阐述了小额贷款公司的现行监管制度及不足。关于小额贷款公司,我国现行的法律依据仅有银监会、中国人民银行发布的《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》以及各省市制定的管理办法。从具体监管制度层面,主要规定了市场准入、运营方面的制度。存在监管制度的不健全,从而导致小额贷款公司法律定位不清、设立缺乏有效的法律依据、监管主体不明确导致监管缺位、贷款利率监管不利、事后救济制度不完善、监管制度与金融市场不匹配等问题。第四部分比较分析不同国家地区在小额贷款公司监管上与我国现行制度的差异,进而从法制建设、监管主体、市场机制建设等方面,阐释国外先进的法律监管制度对于我国小额贷款公司监管的借鉴意义。第五部分总结全文,提出对我国小额贷款公司监管法律制度的完善建议：加快立法进程,构筑小额贷款公司监管的法律体系；创新监管机制,明确小额贷款公司监管主体；放宽准入制、细化退出制,加强监管政策导向；通过风险控制与利率调控完善小额贷款公司的运营制度。
[Abstract]:Microfinance is a new financial mode originated from abroad, the smaller amount of continuous credit services to low income groups and micro enterprises. Small loan companies as an effective complement to our traditional financial institutions, through to small and micro enterprises and the "three rural" continued to provide financial support to a considerable degree to ease the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, make an important contribution to China's economic and social development. But the small loan companies in the development of the road also exposed a lot of problems, such as the legal position is not clear, the regulatory body is not clear, the access and exit mechanism is not perfect, all these problems affect the health of small loan companies sustainable development. This paper uses the comparative research method, analysis of China's current microfinance supervision system present situation and shortcomings, draw lessons from foreign successful experience, combined with national conditions, to small Put forward some corresponding suggestions on loan company supervision system. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part analyzes the meaning of microfinance companies. Small loan company founded by Bangladeshi economist Mohammed Yunus, providing microcredit for rural economic development. With the small loan companies in the development of economy growing influence, supported by support poor people extended to loans to micro enterprises, the model is also extended to the world. But the theory and practice of the definition of small loan companies are more vague, China's 2008 > guidance Station "on the small loan company pilot (hereinafter referred to as the" guiding opinions ") on China's small loan companies limited. Through the interpretation of the" given guidance on China's current legislation on the definition of small loan companies, summing up the characteristic of small loan companies, A summary of microfinance companies in China's economic development function, on the basis of comparing with other financial institutions, clear the connotation and extension of the small loan company concept, lay a foundation for further study on the following. The second part mainly introduces the current situation and the regulation of small loan company in China and the necessity of the.20 century in 90s, small loan the role of governments concern and to promote, after the small loan company has been in the process of rapid development, there are regulatory system and industry risk problems. As a kind of financial innovation of small loan companies, in theory, the impact of the traditional financial supervision mode, increase the risk of the financial market; moral hazard small loan company participants in the practice of risk, operational risk and national macro-control. To solve the above problems need to carry on the small loan company is The legal supervision efficiency. The third part describes the current regulatory system of small loan companies and shortcomings. On the small loan company, China's current legal basis only the CBRC, the people's Bank of China released "on the small loan company pilot guidance on the city and the provincial management. From the specific level of monitoring system, the main the provisions of the market access, the operational aspects of the system. The supervision system is not perfect, which leads to the legal position of small loan companies is not clear, the lack of legal basis for the establishment of effective supervision, the main body is not clear in the absence of regulation, loan interest rate supervision, relief system is not perfect, the problem does not match the supervision system and the financial market. Fourth part of the regional differences of different countries in the regulation of small loan company and the current system of our country, and then from the legal construction, supervision, market mechanism Construction and other aspects of foreign advanced legal supervision system for interpretation of China's small loan company regulatory significance. The fifth part is the conclusion, put forward the legal system for the supervision of small loan companies in China suggestions: to speed up the legislative process, construct the legal system of small loan company supervision; regulatory mechanism innovation, clear regulation of small loan company the main body; relax the access system, refine the exit system, strengthen the supervision policy; through risk control and interest rate regulation for small loans to improve the company's operating system.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.28

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