海上保险迟延赔付法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 20:00

本文关键词： 海上保险迟延赔付诚实信用原则惩罚性赔偿　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长久以来,"理赔难"是我国保险行业的顽疾,"拖赔、惜赔和恶意拒赔"现象屡禁不止,已成为阻碍保险市场健康发展的重要原因。《海商法》中能对海上保险人的迟延赔付行为进行规范的只有第237条,且不可不谓之简陋。虽可适用《保险法》的相关规定,但迟延赔付问题仍没有得到妥善解决。一方面,迟延赔付的法理基础、构成要件等理论问题均没有得到明确;另一方面,具体理赔中,迟延赔付的损失数额如何确定?哪些性质的损失可以请求赔偿,是否应按保险种类、复杂程度、索赔金额而进行区分?是否应包含惩罚性赔偿,如包含则应采用何种方式?这些问题立法均未作出回答。海上保险合同又多为保险人单方拟定的格式合同,期望保险人自行规定或当事人在缔约时协商确定也不现实。英国新颁布的《2016年企业法》在其第5部分"保险金的迟延支付"中对《2015年保险法》和《1980年时效法》进行了相关补充和修改,将保险人的迟延赔付责任予以明确。本文以此为契机,将深入分析海上保险法下保险人迟延赔付责任的法理基础和构成要件,并努力探究行之有效的救济手段,试图为我国立法的修改与完善提供参考。本文共分为四章。第一章对迟延赔付进行概括介绍,在明确了概念和性质的基础上分析了我国目前海上保险法下迟延赔付相关规定存在的缺陷;第二章主要试图解决理论基础和构成要件的问题。前者在综合国内外学者观点的基础上予以明确;而后者则分为一般要件和特殊要件进行讨论;第三章主要分析海上保险法下迟延赔付责任的责任范围,从比较法的角度分析了损失的种类和赔付金额的确定方式;第四章对我国海上保险法下引入惩罚性的救济手段的正当性进行了分析,在参考域外先进经验的同时也结合了国内学者的观点及国情,提出了革新的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:For a long time, "hard to settle claims" has been a persistent problem in the insurance industry in China. The phenomenon of "tardy compensation, loss of compensation, and malicious refusal to compensate" has repeatedly been prohibited. It has become an important reason to hinder the healthy development of the insurance market. In the Maritime Law, only Article 237 can regulate the delayed payment behavior of marine insurers, and it cannot be said to be rudimentary. Although the relevant provisions of the Insurance Law can be applied, On the one hand, the legal basis and constitutive elements of delay compensation have not been clearly defined; on the other hand, how to determine the amount of loss in the specific settlement? What nature of loss can be claimed, and should it be distinguished by type of insurance, complexity and amount claimed? Should punitive damages be included and, if so, in what manner? None of these questions have been answered by legislation. Marine insurance contracts are mostly contracts in form drawn up unilaterally by the insurer, It is also not realistic to expect the insurer to stipulate itself or to negotiate with the parties at the time of conclusion. The new British Enterprise Act of 2016, in its part 5, "late payment of Insurance benefits", advances the Insurance Act of 2015 and the "effect on 1980". The relevant additions and modifications have been made. This article will take this opportunity as the opportunity, will deeply analyze the legal theory foundation and the constituent elements of the insurer's delay indemnity liability under the marine insurance law, and try to explore the effective relief means. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the delay payment. On the basis of defining the concept and nature, this paper analyzes the defects of the relevant provisions on delay payment under the present marine insurance law in China. The second chapter mainly tries to solve the problem of theoretical basis and constitutive elements, the former is clear on the basis of synthesizing the views of scholars at home and abroad, while the latter is divided into general elements and special elements to discuss. The third chapter mainly analyzes the scope of liability for delay compensation under the marine insurance law, and analyzes the types of loss and the way of determining the amount of compensation from the perspective of comparative law. Chapter 4th analyzes the legitimacy of introducing punitive remedies under the marine insurance law of China. It also combines the views and national conditions of domestic scholars with reference to foreign advanced experience and puts forward some innovative opinions and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

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