我国共同遇难死亡顺序推定规则之反思与重构

发布时间：2018-03-17 14:25

本文选题：共同遇难　切入点：同时死亡　出处：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：数人在同一事故中死亡,在没有证据证明死亡先后顺序的情况下,为合理公平分配遇难者财产,必须对遇难者的死亡顺序进行推定。我国共同遇难死亡顺序推定的规则在继承法司法解释以及保险法中均有规定,但二者缺乏一致性,以至于在司法实践中出现法律适用以及推定结果上的自相矛盾。并且,我国的推定规则较为复杂,适用起来程序上比较繁琐,实体权利的分配也与当今民众的主流意识不符,有悖于保护遇难者财产权利的价值取向。体系上将共同遇难死亡顺序推定纳入民法总则进行统一规定,能够有效避免推定矛盾的产生,有利于维护立法的统一性及严肃性。制度上从认识论和价值论的角度进行考察,采用同时死亡推定主义最能够达到自然法则与立法价值的平衡。
[Abstract]:When several people died in the same accident, in the absence of evidence to prove the order of death, the property of the victims was reasonably and fairly distributed. It is necessary to infer the order of death of the victims. The rules of the presumption of death order of common distress in our country are stipulated in the judicial interpretation of inheritance law and the insurance law, but they are not consistent with each other. Therefore, in judicial practice, there are contradictions in the application of law and the result of presumption. Moreover, the rules of presumption in our country are more complicated, the procedure of application is more complicated, and the distribution of substantive rights does not accord with the mainstream consciousness of the people today. It is contrary to the value orientation of protecting the property rights of victims. In the system, the presumption of joint death order can be incorporated into the general rules of civil law to make a unified stipulation, which can effectively avoid the contradiction of presumption. It is beneficial to maintain the unity and seriousness of legislation. From the perspective of epistemology and value theory, the simultaneous death presumption is the best way to achieve the balance between the natural law and the legislative value.
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D923.5;D922.284

【相似文献】