公司公章在市场交易中的法律效力

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:49

本文选题：公司公章　切入点：法定代表人　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司公章的法律效力问题关系到实践中的交易安全与稳定,影响到相关利益主体间的风险分配,是私法研究中的重要课题。我国有关公司公章的法律有票据法、公司法、合同法等等,然而,近些年来涉及公司公章的案件纠纷从来没减少,这正是说明了在现代市场经济条件下公司公章问题的严重性,公司公章的法律效力问题不容忽视,亟待讨论。我们国家印章制度的历史悠久,可以追溯至封建社会的官印文化。自产生之日起,印章的表征效力就很明显,当进入公司组织之后,印章的表征效力就体现在了公司行为的各个方面,并且印章的约束力、公信力与证明力也因此得以衍生。现在这个时代的科学技术如此发达,从目前的公司公章的使用情况与法院审理公章案件时对公司公章使用的效果及其效力的认定情况来看,公司公章的效力并没有人们想象中的那么强大和绝对。西方很多国家的惯例是有权代表或代理人在公司所签合同上签名,并没有公司公章的使用,显然,这使得当事人利益和动态交易安全受到更好的保护,也是习惯使然。原董事会对公司印章的侵害、滥用公司印章、盗用公司印章、伪造公司印章等现象是我国当前出现的公司公章类纠纷和矛盾的主要表现,然而,我们国家的法律中并没有很完善的救济方式供我们选择。究其本质,系单一盖章效力决定论所致,实践证明,公司公章的滥用与公司公章问题引发的纠纷和矛盾质疑着公司公章的法律效力,因此,为确保交易方对实际盖章人的有效追索,保障市场动态安全,可借鉴西方国家的惯例与我们国家的实际情况相结合,构建盖章人签字规则,以此加强对公司与交易相对人双方的权益保护力度。
[Abstract]:The legal effect of corporate seal is related to the security and stability of transaction in practice, and affects the risk distribution among relevant stakeholders, which is an important subject in the study of private law. Contract law and so on, however, in recent years, the disputes concerning the company's official seal have never been reduced, which explains the seriousness of the company's official seal under the modern market economy, and the legal effect of the company's official seal should not be ignored. Our national seal system has a long history and can be traced back to the official seal culture of feudal society. The expressive effect of the seal is reflected in all aspects of the company's behavior, and the binding force, credibility and probative power of the seal are derived. Judging from the current situation of the use of the official seal of the company and the determination of the effect and effectiveness of the use of the official seal of the company when the court hears the case of the official seal, The company seal is not as powerful or absolute as one might think. It is customary in many western countries to have the right to sign the contract signed by the company on behalf of or by an agent, and there is no use of the company seal, obviously, This makes the interests of the parties and the security of dynamic transactions better protected, and is also the result of custom. The original board of directors violated the company seal, abused the company seal, misappropriated the company seal, The phenomenon of forgery of company seal is the main manifestation of the disputes and contradictions of company official seal in our country at present. However, there is no perfect relief method for us to choose in our country's law. As a result of the determinism of the validity of single seal, it has been proved in practice that the abuse of the company's official seal and the disputes and contradictions caused by the issue of the company's official seal question the legal effect of the company's official seal. Therefore, in order to ensure the effective recourse of the parties to the actual seal, In order to protect the dynamic security of the market, we can draw lessons from the practice of the western countries and combine the actual situation of our country, and construct the signature rule of the seal holder, so as to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of both the company and the counterparty to the transaction.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【参考文献】