商业银行个人理财产品法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 07:07

本文选题：商业银行　切入点：个人理财产品　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年，随着商业银行个人理财产品（以下简称“理财产品”）的兴起，一些纠纷和问题开始涌现。虽然相关部门出台了法律法规对理财产品市场进行规范，但并未明确界定理财产品的法律关系，这种不明确带来了一系列问题，主要包括理财产品信息披露问题、理财产品质押问题、商业银行破产时理财产品的处置问题。本文试图从对法律关系的界定出发，探讨商业银行理财产品的信息披露问题、质押问题、破产处理问题，并通过对实务界、学术界观点及国外相关做法的分析借鉴，对这些问题的解决提出合理性建议。本文分为导言、正文、结论三大部分，正文部分分为四章。第一章是对个人理财业务形成的理财产品进行概念界定及分类，并根据分类对理财产品的法律关系进行界定。具体来说，商业银行理财产品分为三大类：保证收益类、非保本浮动收益类、保本浮动收益类。笔者认为，在这三类理财产品中，投资者与商业银行缔结的法律关系具有不同的性质：在保证收益类理财产品中，二者是债权债务关系；在非保本浮动收益类理财产品中，二者是信托关系；在保本浮动收益类理财产品中，基础法律关系是债权债务关系，对于收益部分，二者是信托关系。第二章对法律关系界定不明带来的商业银行理财产品信息披露问题进行研究。本章从理财产品的法律关系出发，说明理财产品的信息披露具有特殊性，需要制定有针对性的信息披露制度。而通过分析可以看出，相关立法存在问题，其中立法层级较低，具体规定不完善，缺乏有效的监管机制配合法律的施行等问题不容忽视。因此应当提高相关立法层级；根据理财产品的特殊性建立制度，完善责任体系，确保信息披露制度的施行；并再建立有效的监管机制，确保披露制度的真正施行。第三章讨论法律关系界定不明带来的理财产品质押问题。本章从商业银行理财产品的法律关系出发，说明理财产品可被质押的依据。虽然质押理财产品可以是融资的新途径，但现有立法并无明确规定，质权人的权利设立与实现不能得到应有的保障，从而影响理财产品投资者的利益。通过对现存问题进行分析，笔者认为，适应金融创新的需要，与信托法相配套，，相关的法律急需建立健全，同时建立与完善质物价值追踪系统和强制平仓制度，使理财产品质押有法可依。第四章对法律关系界定不明导致的商业银行破产时理财产品的处置问题进行探析。虽然我国鲜见商业银行破产的案例，但市场经济发展的必然，使得这一问题有探讨之意义，我国破产法也明确将金融机构破产纳入其规范。文章以法律关系为基础，结合商业银行破产的特殊性，着重分析理财产品投资者在商业银行破产时应特别注意的问题，在此基础上，提出若干建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rise of commercial bank personal financial products (hereinafter referred to as "financial products"), some disputes and problems began to emerge.Although the relevant departments have issued laws and regulations to regulate the financial management product market, they have not clearly defined the legal relationship of the financial management product. This lack of clarity has brought about a series of problems, mainly including the issue of financial product information disclosure.The issue of financial product pledge and the disposal of financial products when the commercial bank goes bankrupt.Based on the definition of legal relationship, this paper attempts to discuss the problems of information disclosure, pledge and bankruptcy treatment of financial products in commercial banks.Some reasonable suggestions are put forward to solve these problems.This article is divided into introduction, text, conclusion three parts, the body part is divided into four chapters.The first chapter defines the concept and classification of financial products formed by personal finance business, and defines the legal relationship of financial products according to the classification.Specifically, the financial products of commercial banks can be classified into three categories: guaranteed income, non-capital preservation floating income, capital preservation floating income.In the author's opinion, the legal relationship between investors and commercial banks is different in these three types of financial products: in guaranteed income products, they are creditor's rights and debt relationship; in non-capital preservation floating income financial products, the relationship between them is different.In the financial products of floating income, the basic legal relationship is the relationship between creditor's rights and debts, and for the income part, the two are trust relations.The second chapter studies the financial product information disclosure of commercial banks caused by unclear definition of legal relationship.Based on the legal relationship of financial management products, this chapter explains the particularity of information disclosure of financial products, which requires the establishment of targeted information disclosure system.Through the analysis, we can see that there are some problems in the relevant legislation, such as the lower level of legislation, the imperfection of specific provisions, the lack of effective supervision mechanism to cooperate with the implementation of the law and so on.Therefore, we should raise the level of relevant legislation; establish the system according to the particularity of financial products, perfect the responsibility system, ensure the implementation of the information disclosure system; and then establish an effective regulatory mechanism to ensure the real implementation of the disclosure system.The third chapter discusses the problem of financial product pledge caused by unclear definition of legal relationship.Based on the legal relationship of financial products of commercial banks, this chapter explains the basis of pledge of financial products.Although the pledge financing product can be a new way of financing, there is no clear stipulation in the existing legislation that the establishment and realization of the rights of the mortgagee cannot be guaranteed, thus affecting the interests of investors in the financial products.Through the analysis of the existing problems, the author thinks that to meet the needs of financial innovation, and to match the trust law, the relevant laws are urgently needed to establish and improve, at the same time, to establish and perfect the value tracking system and the forced closing system.The pledge of financial products can be subject to the law.The fourth chapter analyzes the disposal of financial products in the bankruptcy of commercial banks due to the unclear definition of legal relationship.Although there are few bankruptcy cases of commercial banks in our country, the inevitable development of the market economy makes this issue of significance to be discussed, and the bankruptcy law of our country also explicitly brings the bankruptcy of financial institutions into its standard.Based on the legal relationship and the particularity of the bankruptcy of commercial banks, this paper emphatically analyzes the problems that should be paid special attention to by investors of financial management products in the bankruptcy of commercial banks, and puts forward some suggestions on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.281

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