海上货物运输保险推定全损法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:00

本文选题：海上保险　切入点：推定全损　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：推定全损制度是海上保险中一项非常重要的制度。海上保险中,除极少数部分损失和实际全损绝对明确的情况外,被保险人大多按推定全损索赔。但是在实务当中,由于保险合同双方当事人往往根据自身具体利益来决定是否适用推定全损,所以保险人与被保险人容易就受损货物是否成立推定全损、是否应赔付全损保险金发生争论。为此,本文以货物推定全损为研究对象,结合司法实践中的真实案例,研究货物推定全损认定与保险赔偿相关法律问题,进而结合我国的现实国情提出一定建议。本文具体分为六章,内容如下:第一章是对推定全损制度的概述。确认什么是货物推定全损,是研究这一法律问题的前提。本章首先从推定全损的含义出发,通过对推定全损制定背景研究,以及与实际全损、部分损失的比较分析,探究推定全损的本质。第二章是对货物推定全损一般认定的研究。我国法律规定了货物推定全损的成立条件。本章对货物推定全损需要满足的两个条件,实际全损不可避免或为避免实际全损支付的费用超出保险价值,进行理论和实践上的深入研究。第三章是对海盗劫持船货全损认定的研究。在海上航运过程中,船舶可能受到海盗袭击从而导致船货被劫持。本章首先论述海盗行为及当代的发展情况;然后对海盗劫持的船货能否认定推定全损展开具体分析,通过对现代海盗的代表索马里、西非和东南亚海盗劫持船货的行为进行研究,探讨被劫持的船货是否可以认定为推定全损。第四章是对货物推定全损中航程丧失问题的研究。英国普通法下有一种特殊类型的推定全损,航程丧失导致的推定全损。对于深受英国海上保险法影响的我国来说,是否可以认定并适用这一特殊类型的货物推定全损。本章首先从这一类型产生的背景和适用的特点着手;而后深入探讨对我国的影响,通过对相关条款和司法案例的研究,分析我国是否认可这一形式的推定全损。第五章是对货物推定全损下保险委付问题的研究。在推定全损的保险赔偿程序之中,委付是必不可少的重要环节。本章首先研究了委付的概念及法律性质;然后对委付与推定全损的关系进行了分析;最后研究委付对保险人和被保险人权利义务的影响。第六章是对货物推定全损相关法律的修改建议。本章是在前述内容的基础上,结合我国的现实国情,从推定全损和委付两个方面出发,对推定全损的认定以及保险委付提出一定的建议。
[Abstract]:Presumption of total loss is a very important system in marine insurance.In marine insurance, except for a few parts of the loss and the actual total loss is absolutely clear, most of the insured claim according to the presumption of total loss.However, in practice, because the parties to an insurance contract often decide whether to apply the presumption of total loss according to their own specific interests, it is easy for the insurer and the insured to establish a presumption of total loss on the damaged goods.There is an argument as to whether total loss insurance should be paid.Therefore, this article takes the goods presumption total loss as the research object, unifies the judicial practice the real case, studies the goods presumption total loss confirmation and the insurance compensation correlation legal question, then unifies our country reality situation to put forward the certain proposal.This paper is divided into six chapters, the contents are as follows: the first chapter is an overview of the presumption of total loss system.Confirmation of what is presumed total loss of goods is a prerequisite for studying this legal issue.This chapter starts from the meaning of the presumption total loss, through the background research of the presumption total loss, as well as the comparison analysis with the actual total loss and partial loss, explores the essence of the presumption total loss.The second chapter is the general determination of the presumption of total loss of goods.The law of our country prescribes the conditions for the presumption of total loss of goods.In this chapter, two necessary conditions for the presumption of total loss of goods, the actual total loss is inevitable or to avoid the actual total loss of the cost over the insurance value, theoretical and practical in-depth research.The third chapter is the study of the total loss of pirate hijacked ship.During maritime navigation, ships may be attacked by pirates, resulting in hijacking of cargo.This chapter first discusses piracy and its contemporary development, and then carries out a specific analysis of whether pirate hijacked ships and cargo can be identified as presumed total loss, and through the representation of modern pirates in Somalia,The behavior of hijacking ship cargo by pirates in West Africa and Southeast Asia is studied to find out whether the hijacked ship and cargo can be regarded as presumed total loss.The fourth chapter is the study of the loss of voyage in the presumption of total loss of goods.There is a special type of presumption of total loss under the English common law, and a presumption of total loss resulting from loss of voyage.For our country, which is deeply influenced by British marine insurance law, can this special type of goods be presumed to be totally damaged.This chapter begins with the background of this type and the characteristics of its application, and then probes into the influence on our country. Through the study of relevant clauses and judicial cases, this chapter analyzes whether or not the presumption of total loss of this form is accepted in our country.The fifth chapter is the study of insurance abandonment under the presumption of total loss of goods.In the procedure of presuming total loss insurance compensation, abandonment is an essential and important link.This chapter first studies the concept and legal nature of abandonment, then analyzes the relationship between abandonment and the presumption of total loss, and finally studies the impact of abandonment on the rights and obligations of the insurer and the insured.The sixth chapter is to the goods presumption total loss related law revision proposal.This chapter is based on the above contents, combined with the reality of our country, from the presumption of total loss and abandonment of two aspects, the presumption of total loss and insurance abandonment put forward some suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

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