我国政策性农业保险法律制度的完善
发布时间:2018-04-23 23:22
本文选题:农业保险 + 政策性 ; 参考:《南京大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:我国是一个农业大国,农业的基础地位决定了我们要加大对农业的重视和保护。农业经济的发展和农村的社会稳定,对我国整个国民经济的协调可持续发展至关重要。然而农业自然灾害的存在和某些意外的难以防范和避免,客观上限制了农业的生产和农村经济的发展。自加入世界贸易组织后,农业的发展不仅面临着生产中的自然风险,还深受国内外市场风险的威胁。在上述条件下,农业保险作为农业支持保护体系的重要组成部分,对农业生产的稳定发展以及农户利益的保障有重要意义,是各国的农业实现持续发展的必要条件和最根本的保障。在我国,发展政策性农业保险事业是解决"三农"问题的关键,是一项重要的惠农举措,这不仅有利于农户开展农业生产经营性活动,而且能够促进农业现代化事业的发展,能够保障国民的基本生活。可知,我国重视农业保险所带来的社会效益,其高于经济效益,发展以政策性农业保险为核心的农业保险事业是我国发展农业经济的必然要求,也是我国农业保险领域进行的结合我国特殊国情的有力经营举措,对政策性农业保险法律制度的完善将使得我们农业保险事业发展进入到新的阶段。我国政策性农业保险发展较晚,但是经过不断的摸索前进,政策性农业保险的工作在全国范围内开展的如火如荼,取得了令人瞩目的成效。进入"十三五"时期,随着社会主义市场经济改革的深化,政策性农业保险事业的发展也面临着新的机遇与挑战。然而,《农业保险条例》是我国现阶段仅有的专门调整农业保险法律关系的规范。该项法规的制定与事实确认了农业保险的重要地位,是我国农业保险法律制度建设的里程碑。但明显已不能满足当前农业生产发展的需要,推行至今也暴露出许多问题,如没有定性农业保险的性质,没有规定农业保险中的民事责任,没有相应的政府补贴与优惠政策的具体规定,这使该法律规范在实际操作的指引作用大大削弱。同时,农业保险发展中呈现出的政府扶持力度弱、缺乏有效监管以及农保的供需不足等带来了新的难题。本文试图从法律角度来探讨关于我国政策性农业保险存在的各种问题与制度的完善。笔者认为应在立法层面完善农业保险发展的外部法制环境,制定专项规定农业保险事业的基本法,并确立适宜我国农业发展的经营模式,完善监督管理体系,确定农业保险的法律地位,促使农业保险在良好的法制环境下稳步有序发展。本文着眼于我国政策性农业保险法律制度中存在的弊端,并通过理论与实际结合,即把中国农业保险制度的研究引到一个新的理论框架之中,为解决我国农业保险制度困境提供法律层面的路径,相信对我国政策性法律制度的完善对于解决"三农"问题、建设社会主义新农村以及构建和谐社会具有极大的推动作用。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, the basic position of agriculture determines that we should pay more attention and protection to agriculture. The development of agricultural economy and the social stability in rural areas are of great importance to the coordinated and sustainable development of the whole national economy of our country. However, the existence of agricultural natural disasters and some accidents are difficult to prevent and avoid, which objectively restricts the agricultural production and the development of rural economy. Since joining WTO, the development of agriculture not only faces the natural risk in production, but also is threatened by the market risk at home and abroad. Under the above conditions, as an important part of the agricultural support and protection system, agricultural insurance is of great significance to the stable development of agricultural production and the protection of farmers' interests. It is the essential condition and the most fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of agriculture in various countries. In our country, the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance is the key to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and it is an important measure to benefit farmers, which is not only helpful for farmers to carry out agricultural productive and profitable activities, but also can promote the development of agricultural modernization. Can guarantee the basic life of the people. It is known that China attaches great importance to the social benefits brought by agricultural insurance, which is higher than economic benefits, and the development of agricultural insurance with policy-oriented agricultural insurance as the core is the inevitable requirement for the development of agricultural economy in China. It is also a powerful management measure in the field of agricultural insurance of our country. The perfection of the legal system of policy-oriented agricultural insurance will make the development of our agricultural insurance into a new stage. The development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in China is relatively late, but through continuous exploration, the work of policy-oriented agricultural insurance has been carried out in full swing throughout the country, and has achieved remarkable results. With the deepening of the reform of socialist market economy, the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance is facing new opportunities and challenges. However, the Agricultural Insurance regulations is the only standard that adjusts the legal relationship of agricultural insurance at the present stage in our country. The establishment and fact of this law confirm the important position of agricultural insurance, and it is a milestone in the construction of agricultural insurance legal system in our country. However, it is obvious that it has not been able to meet the needs of the current development of agricultural production. So far, many problems have been exposed, such as the lack of qualitative nature of agricultural insurance and the lack of provisions for civil liability in agricultural insurance. There is no specific stipulation of government subsidy and preferential policy, which weakens the guiding function of the law in practice. At the same time, the weak government support in the development of agricultural insurance, the lack of effective supervision and the shortage of supply and demand of agricultural insurance have brought new problems. This paper tries to probe into the problems and the perfection of the system of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in China from the angle of law. The author thinks that the external legal environment of the development of agricultural insurance should be perfected in the legislative level, the basic law of agricultural insurance should be formulated, the management mode suitable for the agricultural development of our country should be established, and the supervision and management system should be perfected. Determine the legal status of agricultural insurance, and promote the development of agricultural insurance in a sound legal environment. This paper focuses on the drawbacks in the legal system of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in China, and through the combination of theory and practice, leads the research of China's agricultural insurance system to a new theoretical framework. In order to solve the dilemma of China's agricultural insurance system, it is believed that the perfection of the policy legal system will play an important role in solving the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", building a new socialist countryside and building a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】:南京大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:D922.4;D922.284
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本文编号:1794105
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