认缴资本制中债权人利益保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:38

本文选题：注册资本 + 认缴制　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司债权人保护一直是公司法研究的重点,在资本信用的理念下,公司注册资本的功能定位不仅是公司经营能力的保障而且还直接决定公司的债务清偿能力和对相对交易人的保护程度。虽然资本是决定公司资产的基本因素,随着公司法实践一再地证实公司注册资本根本不可能胜任保护交易安全的使命,资本信用已无立足之地。2013年年末我国《公司法》改革顺应了公司资本制度改革国际潮流,取消了公司注册资本最低限额,不再将实收资本作为公司成立的限制条件,由注册资本实缴登记制改为认缴登记制。这次改革的立法目标和价值取向就是降低公司的成立门槛,赋予公司自治权、实现市场资源的有效利用。旨在通过公司的实际资产来评估公司的信用以维护交易安全,实现了从资本信用到资产信用的转变。立法者为了平衡经济发展与制度需求,取消最低注册资本限额,鼓励公司自治的初衷是好的。在信用水平不高的中国,突然废除最低资本限额,对债权人的利益无疑也会带来巨大的冲击。本文以2013年末公司注册资本制度改革为背景,首先分析了最低资本限额在域外以及我国不同时期的发展路径,并对此次公司法资本制度改革对提高市场效率带来的积极作用以及认缴资本制可能对债权人利益带来的风险进行了深入的分析,接着从比较法视角研究美国公司法中保护债权人的制度设计,最后通过分析我国公司法现有制度的不足,对认缴制下如何保护债权人利益提出了几点完善建议。本论文分为四个部分:第一部分分析了废除最低资本限额制度的国际潮流以及我国最低资本限额制度被废除的趋向。解读了注册资本认缴制的内涵以及2013年公司资本制度改革的重大意义。第二部分是关于认缴资本制下注重保护债权人利益的法理依据以及现实理由。从“空壳公司”可能大量出现以及公司财产权不明确论述了实行认缴制可能对债权人带来的冲击。第三部分对比分析中美对债权人保护的相关制度设计,指出了我国公司法以及行政规章中不利于债权人保护的条款,然后分析了美国的制度优势,值得我国借鉴。第四部分笔者在现有制度的基础上,借鉴国外发达国家对债权人利益保护的制度设计,提出了健全债权人保护机制的四点构想:建立健全企业信用信息体系、完善公司法人格否认制度的适用条件、强化董事对债权人的信义义务、稳步将债权人引入公司治理。
[Abstract]:The protection of corporate creditors has always been the focus of company law research. Under the concept of capital credit, The functional positioning of the registered capital of the company is not only the guarantee of the company's management ability, but also directly determines the company's debt repayment ability and the degree of protection to the relative trader. Although capital is the basic factor that determines the assets of a company, with the practice of company law proving time and again that the registered capital of a company is simply not competent to protect the security of transactions, At the end of 2013, the company law reform of our country complied with the international trend of the reform of the company capital system, cancelled the minimum limit of the registered capital of the company, and no longer regarded the paid-in capital as the restriction condition for the establishment of the company. Change from registered capital payment registration system to subscription registration system. The legislative goal and value orientation of this reform is to reduce the threshold of the establishment of the company, to endow the company with autonomy and to realize the effective use of market resources. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the credit of the company through its actual assets in order to maintain the transaction security and realize the transition from capital credit to asset credit. In order to balance the economic development and system demand, it is good for legislators to abolish the minimum registered capital limit and encourage corporate autonomy. In China, where credit is low, the sudden abolition of the minimum capital limit will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the interests of creditors. Based on the reform of the company's registered capital system at the end of 2013, this paper first analyzes the development path of the minimum capital limit outside the country and in different periods of our country. It also analyzes the positive effect of the reform of the company law capital system on improving the market efficiency and the risks that the subscription capital system may bring to the interests of creditors. Then, from the perspective of comparative law, this paper studies the system design of creditor protection in American company law. Finally, by analyzing the deficiencies of the existing system of company law in China, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to protect the interests of creditors under the subscription system. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part analyzes the international trend of abolishing the minimum capital limit system and the trend of the abolition of the minimum capital limit system in China. It interprets the connotation of the registered capital subscription system and the significance of the company capital system reform in 2013. The second part is about the legal basis and practical reasons of paying attention to the protection of creditors' interests under capitalization system. This paper discusses the possible impact of subscription system on creditors from the possible emergence of shell companies and the unclear property rights of companies. The third part contrasts and analyzes the relative system design of the creditor protection between China and the United States, points out the provisions of our company law and administrative regulations that are not conducive to creditor protection, and then analyzes the advantages of the system of the United States, which is worthy of our country's reference. In the fourth part, on the basis of the existing system, the author draws lessons from the system design of foreign developed countries to protect the creditors' interests, and puts forward four ideas of perfecting the creditor protection mechanism: establishing and perfecting the enterprise credit information system. We should perfect the applicable conditions of the system of disavowal of corporate personality, strengthen the fiduciary duty of directors towards creditors, and steadily introduce creditors into corporate governance.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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