责任保险人和解义务探讨

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:31

本文选题：责任保险 + 和解义务　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：责任保险承保被保险人对第三人的潜在法律责任风险,以保障被保险人之财务稳定与心境安宁为本质。当发生责任保险事故,诉讼、仲裁与和解均不失为解决纠纷之良方,但要求当事人之间尽可能多地进行谈判与磋商的"和解"乃是最大限度节省成本之法,应予以必要重视,并在责任保险人之损失填补义务之外,基于诚实信用原则确立责任保险人和解义务,实现责任保险制度对被保险人权利保护之本旨。但我国现行《保险法》仅以两个条文简单规制责任保险事项,存有不足,尤其对于责任保险人和解义务未有涉及;相关责任保险合同中亦无责任保险人和解义务条款。本文以相关理论为基础并参考国外运作经验,从责任保险人和解义务之法律属性、履行内容及违反之法律后果等方面进行探讨,并提出相应的改革完善建议,以期符合当代责任保险之功能,适应诚实信用原则及当事人之需求。本文除引言部分外包括五章内容。本文引言部分提出,顺应当代社会发展需求,责任保险制度应予完善,为圆满实现其维护被保险人财产安全与心境安宁之制度功能,应确立责任保险人和解义务。并明确为论述方便,本文在投保人与被保险人同一情形下进行论述。本文第一章在简要介绍责任保险人和解义务之理解基础即责任保险制度后,主要论述了责任保险人和解义务的基本定位,主张采"义务主义"立法例对责任保险人和解行为进行规定,并且责任保险人和解行为的主导性质是义务,其权利属性通过其义务履行体现出来;责任保险人和解义务是法定义务,与损失填补义务同为责任保险人的主给付义务;在对责任保险人和解义务进行界定时应明确责任保险人具有依诚实信用原则代被保险人与第三人和解并促使和解协议确定的赔偿额在责任限额内的义务。本文第二章重点论述了责任保险人和解义务的履行,包括:其履行依据是民事代理理论;其履行的前提条件一则被保险人履行了责任事故发生及第三人索赔的双重通知义务,二则产生纠纷的基础事项落入责任保险承保范围;其履行的方式包括被保险人、责任保险人主动发出和解要约及第三人主动发出和解要约两种方式,并就后者所涉和解要约合理与否、利益冲突解决原则以及三种具体情形(主要反映为和解要约金额、诉讼金额与责任限额三者之间的不同关系)下的和解要约接受与否的问题进行了深入剖析,主张以"不考虑责任限额说"为第三人所提和解要约合理与否的判断标准,对于和解金额低于责任限额的和解要约赋予责任保险人接受与否完全的决定权,其最终承担的责任不以责任限额为限,反之则由被保险人完全决定,责任保险人仅在责任限额内承担责任。另外,本部分还对责任保险人和解义务履行的例外情形、被保险人自行和解情形以及和解过程中支出的和解费用的承担进行了探讨。本文第三章主要论述了责任保险人拒绝或不完全履行和解义务时的责任承担。责任保险人拒绝履行和解义务时,其应承担赔偿和解金额、和解费用及其利息、"失效权"的不利后果;责任保险人不完全履行和解义务时,建议对由此给被保险人造成的加害给付即被保险人超额责任的承担以违约责任为诉因,如此将更有利于被保险人权利的救济。本文第四章指出,关于责任保险人和解义务问题,我国保险立法中规定缺失、保险实务中约定不足,由此提出了相应的修改完善建议。本文第五章为结语,总括了责任保险人和解义务建立的必要性及合理性,指出本文的研究意义。
[Abstract]:Liability insurance covers the insured's potential legal liability risk to the third party in order to guarantee the financial stability and peace of mind of the insured. When liability insurance accidents occur, litigation, arbitration and reconciliation are both the best ways to resolve the dispute, the "reconciliation" which requires a lot of negotiation and consultation between the parties is the greatest. The law of limited cost saving should be paid attention to, and in addition to the obligation of the liability insurer to fill the obligation of the loss of the insurer, based on the principle of honesty and credit, we should establish the obligation of the insurer to conciliate the liability, and realize the purpose of protecting the rights of the insured. In particular, the obligation of the liability insurer has not been involved; there is no liability for the liability of the insurer in the relevant liability insurance contract. This article, based on the relevant theories and referring to the foreign operating experience, discusses the legal attributes of the liability insurer's reconciliation obligation, the fulfillment of the content and the contral legal consequences. In order to conform to the function of the contemporary liability insurance and adapt to the principle of honesty and credit and the needs of the parties, this article includes five chapters except the introduction. The introduction proposes that the system of liability insurance should be perfected to comply with the needs of the development of the contemporary society, so as to achieve the successful maintenance of the safety and mood of the insured's property. In the first chapter of this article, after briefly introducing the understanding foundation of the liability insurer's reconciliation obligation, the basic position of the liability insurer's reconciliation obligation is mainly discussed. It advocates that the "compulsory" legislation stipulates the settlement of the liability insurer, and the leading nature of the liability insurer's settlement is the obligation, and its right attribute is embodied through its obligations; the liability insurer's obligation to reconcile is the legal obligation, and the liability insurer is the main obligation of the liability insurer, and the liability for the liability insurer is the liability of the liability insurer; When the insurer's reconciliation obligation is defined, the liability insurer should have the obligation to reconcile the insured with the third party on the basis of the principle of honesty and credit and promote the amount of compensation determined by the settlement agreement. The second chapter focuses on the implementation of the liability insurer's reconciliation obligation, including the basis of the civil agency theory; The precondition of its performance is the insurer's double notification obligation to the liability accident and the three party's claim, and the two basic matters arising from the dispute fall into the scope of the liability insurance; the way to perform is the insured, the liability insurer initiatively emits a settlement offer and the three party initiatively emits two ways of reconciliation. And in the latter, the settlement of the settlement of the latter is reasonable or not, the settlement of the principle of conflict of interest and the three specific situations (mainly reflected as the amount of the settlement offer, the difference between the amount of the lawsuit and the three parties of the liability limit) to accept or not the issue of the acceptance of the settlement, the main idea is that the "no consideration of the limitation of responsibility" is proposed by third people. To determine the standard of whether the offer is reasonable or not, the settlement offer of a conciliatory amount below the liability limit gives the insurer a complete decision to accept or not, and the ultimate responsibility is not limited to the limit of liability. On the contrary, the insured is completely determined by the insured and the liability insurer is only responsible for the liability limit. The third chapter of this article mainly discusses the responsibility of the liability insurer when it refuses to fulfill the obligation of reconciliation and does not fulfill the obligation of reconciliation. The fourth chapter refers to the fourth chapter of this article: the fourth chapter of this article is to compensate for the amount of the settlement, the cost of reconciliation and its interest, the adverse consequences of the "right to failure", and when the insurer does not fully fulfill the obligation of reconciliation. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, which includes the necessity and rationality of the establishment of the liability insurer's reconciliation obligation, and points out the significance of the research in this paper.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

【相似文献】