核损害民事责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 20:34

本文选题：核损害 + 归责原则　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：核能的发展已经有了半个多世纪,从国际社会到各国国内法都对核损害民事责任制度的体系做出了很多的贡献。从二十世纪六十年代就建立了一系列的国际条约,一些发达国家如美国、德国、日本等也渐渐有了完善的核损害责任体系。随着我国核工业的迅速发展,核电事业的安全性保障及损害发生后的赔偿问题就成了核工业能够健康发展的重要问题。在核能领域里,国际合作也将越来越广泛,这就要求我们不管从国际还是国内,都要建立完善的核损害民事责任法律体系。目前,国际社会上已经有了比较成熟的核责任制度体系,但是我国核工业发展起步较晚,至今还没有成熟的核责任法律体系。所以,本文结合国际社会及各国国内法的实践,基于我国的基本国情,从核损害民事责任制度的基本理论开始,对核损害责任法律制度的立法现状做了阐述,并对我国损害民事责任制度的缺陷及立法构想做了一定的探讨,并提出了具体的建议。全文分为三个大的部分,包括引言、正文和结语,正文分为四个章节。第一章是核损害民事责任制度的一般理论。这一章主要论述的是研究核损害民事责任制度所要了解的基本问题。核损害民事责任相关的概念的界定、特点;核损害民事责任的构成要件及具体构成要件的阐述;在核损害民事责任的特点中,论述了核损害责任独特性,对国家赔偿的特点做了重要扩展。在核损害民事责任的构成要件中,详细的对损害事实的认定做了展开。第二章是核损害民事责任的归责原则。对无过错原则做了认定,对严格责任和绝对责任做了区分,最后论述了核损害民事责任的免责事由。第三章是我国核损害民事责任制度的立法现状。这一章先对我国当前的立法体现做了概述,然后指出现阶段我国的核责任制度存在的问题。结合我国基本国情与国际上核损害民事责任制度发展的趋势,明确问题所在,看到完善我国的核损害民事责任制度的重要性。第四章是完善我国核损害民事责任制度的建议。分别从两方面进行了论述,一是从立法体系上的完善,二是具体规范内容上的完善。立法上的完善主要包括制定核领域的基本法;制定核领域的单行法;加入相应的国际公约;在民法的基本法中对核损害民事责任做出规定。具体内容上的完善包括明确核损害的定义和范围;提高核损害赔偿责任的最高限额;完善核损害赔偿的相关程序;核损害责任保险和财政保证;扩大核损害赔偿的责任范围。
[Abstract]:The development of nuclear energy has been for more than half a century, from the international community to the domestic law of various countries have made a lot of contributions to the system of civil liability for nuclear damage. Since the 1960s, a series of international treaties have been established, and some developed countries, such as the United States, Germany and Japan, have gradually developed a perfect system of nuclear damage liability. With the rapid development of nuclear industry in China, the safety guarantee of nuclear power industry and the compensation after damage have become an important issue for the healthy development of nuclear industry. In the field of nuclear energy, international cooperation will be more and more extensive, which requires us to establish a sound legal system of civil liability for nuclear damage, both at home and abroad. At present, the international community has a relatively mature system of nuclear liability system, but the development of nuclear industry in China started relatively late, so far there is no mature legal system of nuclear liability. Therefore, combining the practice of the international community and the domestic law of various countries, based on the basic national conditions of our country, starting with the basic theory of the civil liability system for nuclear damage, this paper expounds the current legislative situation of the legal system of nuclear damage liability. The defects of the system of civil liability for damages and the legislative conception are discussed, and some concrete suggestions are put forward. The full text is divided into three parts, including introduction, text and conclusion, the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the general theory of civil liability for nuclear damage. This chapter mainly discusses the basic problems to be understood in the study of civil liability for nuclear damage. The definition and characteristics of civil liability for nuclear damage, the constitutive and specific elements of civil liability for nuclear damage, the unique characteristics of civil liability for nuclear damage, The characteristics of state compensation have been greatly expanded. In the elements of civil liability for nuclear damage, the confirmation of damage fact is carried out in detail. The second chapter is the principle of imputation of civil liability for nuclear damage. The principle of no-fault is recognized, and the strict liability and absolute liability are distinguished. Finally, the reasons of civil liability for nuclear damage are discussed. The third chapter is the current legislation of civil liability for nuclear damage in China. This chapter first summarizes the current legislation of our country, and then points out the problems existing in our nuclear liability system at the present stage. Combined with the basic situation of our country and the development trend of the civil liability system of nuclear damage in the world, the problem is clear, and the importance of perfecting the civil liability system of nuclear damage in our country is seen. The fourth chapter is the suggestion of perfecting the civil liability system of nuclear damage in China. Two aspects are discussed, one is the perfection of the legislative system, the other is the perfection of the concrete standard content. The legislative perfection mainly includes making the basic law in the nuclear field, formulating the special law in the nuclear field, joining the corresponding international conventions, and stipulating the civil liability for nuclear damage in the basic law of the civil law. The specific content of perfection includes clarifying the definition and scope of nuclear damage; raising the maximum limit of liability for nuclear damage; perfecting the relevant procedures of nuclear damage compensation; nuclear damage liability insurance and financial guarantee; expanding the scope of liability for nuclear damage compensation.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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