二维码法律监管研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 15:53

本文选题：二维码 + 技术革新　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：二维码作为科技新产品,相比一维条码更具便捷度高、信息量大、应用领域广等特点,主要依靠智能手机应用,根据2014年5月底工信部统计,我国智能手机拥有量已达12.56亿,几乎人手一台扫码器。本文研究认为二维码存在一定的应用风险,面对其不断升高的普及率和计算机技术革新的有限性,亟须应用法律规制。本文首先从四个方面描述二维码存在的法律问题:扫码能否构成意思表示、扫码威胁用户信息安全、作为广告营销方式的合规性以及扫码对电子证据获取保存提出新挑战;其次具体分析国家技术标准以及相关法律规范的适用和不足,结合2014年央行出台的《支付机构网络支付业务管理办法》和《手机支付业务发展指导意见》的精神——重视新科技对传统支付方式的革新,积极寻求解决办法。二维码是连接手机用户和互联网的高架桥,却游走在传统法律监管的灰色地带,本文认为,针对二维码扮演角色的不同,法律监管也应从不同方面考虑:第一,二维码法律风险来源于病毒网络链接,除了提高网卡安全等级,还要求服务提供商尽到“一个理性的、谨慎的、具有网络专业知识的网络服务提供商的注意”;第二,关于扫码侵犯隐私权问题,传统隐私权理论源远流长,在互联网时代的发展应用中,“隐私”因为网络安全的标准需下调一级,是否侵犯隐私需以“独立和自主”精神来综合判断;第三,因为二维码的非面对面交互性,在确保信息的切实发送、接收以及相对人为限制民事行为能力人或无民事行为能力人法律风险的承担时,提出风险自负原则,不仅约束扫码者,也潜在地规范二维码使用者及制作、传播者的发布方式和注意义务;第四,随着二维码不断渗入生活,亦需立法保护个人信息安全;第五,需加快制定相应的支付标准、注重电子证据审查,以事前规制为主等其他监管要求。对于是否需要立法规制,由于二维码具有应用广、多法域的特点,想要找寻、创立一部法律单一调整是十分困难的,即使将眼光放向未来,我们也无法预估像二维码这样的便捷图码究竟会被运用到何领域,若贸然行事,则不仅法律成本会提高,甚至可能出现现有规定被架空的情况,故本文认为无需也无法创立或适用单一法律法规调整,应以《商品条码管理办法》的修改版《商品图码管理办法》为主,其余法律法规辅助调整的模式来管理现在乃至今后可能出现的其他快速响应的代码或图码。本文的目的旨在分析二维码对传统法律规范和法律理论带来的冲击,研究新型科技产品背后的法律监管缺失,提出相关建议,从而为互联网时代乃至扫码时代下法律理论、法规实践的调试提供思考。
[Abstract]:As a new product of science and technology, QR code has more advantages than one-dimensional bar code, such as high convenience, large amount of information and wide application fields. It mainly relies on smart phone applications. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the end of May 2014, the number of smart phones in China has reached 1.256 billion. Almost a code sweeper is available. In this paper, the author thinks that there is a certain risk in the application of QR code. In the face of its increasing popularization rate and the limitation of computer technology innovation, it is urgent to apply legal regulation. This paper first describes the legal problems existing in QR codes from four aspects: whether scanning codes can constitute the expression of intention, whether sweep codes threaten the information security of users, the compliance of advertising marketing methods and the new challenge of scanning codes to the acquisition and preservation of electronic evidence; Secondly, it analyzes the application and deficiency of national technical standards and relevant legal norms. Combined with the spirit of "Management method of payment Institution Network payment Service" and "Mobile phone payment Business Development guidance" issued by the Central Bank in 2014, we attach importance to the innovation of traditional payment methods by new technology and actively seek solutions. QR code is a viaduct connecting mobile phone users to the Internet, but it walks in the gray area of traditional legal regulation. This paper holds that the legal regulation should also be considered from different aspects in view of the different roles played by QR codes: first, The legal risk of QR code comes from the virus network link. In addition to improving the security level of network card, it also requires the service provider to do "the attention of a rational, cautious, network professional network service provider." second, The traditional theory of privacy has a long history. In the development and application of the Internet age, "privacy" needs to be downgraded by one level because the standards of network security need to be downgraded. Privacy violations need to be judged in a "independent and autonomous" spirit; third, because the non-face-to-face interaction of QR codes ensures the effective transmission of information, When receiving and accepting the legal risks of persons with limited capacity for civil conduct or persons without civil capacity, the principle of risk conceit is put forward, which not only restricts the code sweeper, but also potentially regulates the users and producers of QR codes. Fourth, with the continuous infiltration of QR codes into daily life, it is also necessary to legislate to protect the security of personal information. Fifthly, it is necessary to speed up the formulation of corresponding payment standards and pay attention to the examination of electronic evidence. Other regulatory requirements such as prior regulation. As for the need for legislative regulation, due to the wide application of QR codes and the characteristics of multiple jurisdictions, it is very difficult to find a single adjustment to the law, even if we look to the future. Nor can we predict where convenient graphic codes such as QR codes will be applied, and if we act hastily, not only will the legal costs increase, but there may even be situations where existing regulations are being framed. Therefore, this paper holds that it is not necessary and impossible to establish or apply the adjustment of single laws and regulations, and should be based on the revised version of "Commodity Barcode Management method". The rest of the laws and regulations adjusts the pattern to manage other quick-response codes or diagrams that are present and may occur in the future. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the QR code on the traditional legal norms and legal theories, to study the lack of legal supervision behind the new scientific and technological products, and to put forward some relevant suggestions, so as to provide the legal theory in the Internet era and even in the sweeping code era. The regulation practice debugging provides the thought.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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