中国预算民主化及其批判

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:07

本文选题：预算民主 + 议会至上　；参考：《北方工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文试图通过实证分析,考察中国预算民主的发展历程。预算,就其本质而言,是围绕公共资源之配置的、充满博弈的政治过程,而远非纯粹的技术性问题。在法治国家中,这种政治过程须得接受民主的规范。因此,考察一国的预算民主化问题,不失为透视其法治状况乃至整个国家的宪政结构的有效路径。本文正是在这一构想前提下展开的。本文首先通过介绍预算制度之起源流变,厘清了预算民主化的两条路径——人民通过议会实现对政府权力的规范,公民通过参与权利达致对政府权力的制约。基于此,本文对中国预算民主化的考察包括两个方面,即对人大预算监督权的检视以及政府行为合法性之维护。就前者而言,在规范层面上,《宪法》、《预算法》、《监督法》以及地方预算监督条例均明确了作为议会的人大在预算领域中的权力是至上性的。然而,在实践层面,种种数据显示,人大的预算监督权力是虚弱的。就后者来说,在步入“行政国家”之后,政府职能以及政府行为的急剧扩张已经严重破坏了传统的“传送带模式”赋予政府及其行为的合法性,换而言之,政府行为的合法性问题已经无可回避。预算开支,乃是一切政府行为的基础。公民通过行使各种形式的参与权利,监督政府的“钱袋子”,进而形成对政府行为的制约,无疑是维护政府合法性的路径之一。通过对历届党代会报告、政府工作报告以及全国人大预算审查报告等文件以及中央与地方预算改革的分析,本文认为,在预算民主化的过程中,人大的预算监督权在实践层面上监督效果依然远远落后于其在规范层面上的强化力度,政府的预算执行行为在公开、透明以及公共参与方面均存在一定问题。最后,本文尝试着探讨了这些问题久治不愈的根源。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to examine the development of China's budget democracy through empirical analysis. Budget, by its nature, is a political process full of games around the allocation of public resources, far from a purely technical issue. In a state governed by law, such a political process must accept democratic norms. Therefore, examining the democratization of a country's budget is an effective way to see through its rule of law and even the constitutional structure of the whole country. This paper is under the premise of this concept. Firstly, by introducing the origin and evolution of the budget system, this paper clarifies the two paths of the democratization of the budget, that is, the people realize the norm of the government power through the parliament, and the citizen realize the restriction to the government power through the participation right. Based on this, the study of China's budget democratization includes two aspects, namely, the examination of the NPC's budget supervision power and the maintenance of the legitimacy of the government's behavior. As far as the former is concerned, at the normative level, the Constitution, the Budget Law, the Supervision Law and the local budget supervision regulations all make it clear that the power of the National people's Congress, as a parliament, in the budget field is paramount. On a practical level, however, data suggest that the NPC's budget supervision power is weak. As far as the latter is concerned, after stepping into the "administrative state", the rapid expansion of government functions and government actions has seriously undermined the legitimacy of the traditional "conveyor belt" mode, in other words, the legitimacy of the government and its actions. The question of the legality of government action has become inescapable. Budgetary expenditure is the basis of all government actions. It is undoubtedly one of the ways to safeguard the legitimacy of the government that citizens exercise all kinds of right to participate and supervise the government's "money bag", and then form the restriction to the government's behavior. Through the analysis of the reports of the Party Congress, the work of the government and the budget review report of the National people's Congress, as well as the reform of the central and local budgets, this paper holds that, in the process of the democratization of the budget, The supervision effect of the budget supervision power of the people's Congress still lags far behind that of its strengthening on the normative level in practice, and there are some problems in the government's budget execution behavior in the aspects of openness, transparency and public participation. Finally, this paper tries to explore the root causes of these problems.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.21

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