海上保险防灾防损制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 17:14

本文选题：海上保险 + 防灾防损制度　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险的功能不仅在于损失赔偿,还在于防灾防损。然而,长期以来,防灾防损制度没有得到足够的重视,相关研究更是一度沦为理论盲区。而海上保险又具有特殊性。因此,海上保险中防灾防损制度的构建不仅要解决防灾防损制度现存的问题,还应结合海上保险的特殊性,作进一步优化。因此,本文的研究,一方面是为了填补学术空白；另一方面也是为了构建一套切实可行的制度,以满足实践的需求。本文通过运用社会实证分析方法中的比较法研究方法、逻辑实证分析方法、语义分析方法等法学研究方法,得出以下主要结论：1.在私法层面上,保险人的防灾防损工作仍是一项约定义务。然而,保险合同往往赋予保险人权利,而不是课以其义务。因此,实践中,保险人行使检查权及建议权是进行防灾防损工作的主要形式。此外,保险合同也通常不规定保险人未及时行使上述权利的法律后果。然而,禁反言原则只适用于保险人未及时行使建议权的情况,而不能适用于保险人未及时行使检查权的情况。因此,合同仍有必要进一步明确保险人未及时进行检查权的法律后果。2.被保险人的防灾防损义务也是一项约定义务。若被保险人履行了防灾防损义务,原则上由此产生的费用应由其独自承担,但是在紧迫危险中产生的额外且合理的费用应可从保险人处受偿。若被保险人违反了防灾防损义务,在损失产生之前,保险人可以增加保险费或解除保险合同；在损失产生之后,保险人甚至可以拒绝赔偿。然而,无论是何种救济权的行使,都应满足相应条件。3.限定承保风险条款、除外责任条款、危险增加时的通知义务条款、保证条款均可作为规定被保险人防灾防损义务的其他模式。然而,在采用这些模式时,应避免与防灾防损义务的立法目的相冲突。尤其是通过保证条款规定防灾防损义务时,相关规定宜细不宜粗。
[Abstract]:The function of insurance not only lies in the loss compensation, but also in the disaster prevention. However, for a long time, the system of disaster prevention and loss prevention has not been paid enough attention to. And marine insurance has its particularity. Therefore, the construction of disaster prevention and loss prevention system in marine insurance should not only solve the existing problems of disaster prevention and loss prevention system, but also combine the particularity of marine insurance to make further optimization. Therefore, on the one hand, the purpose of this study is to fill the academic gap; on the other hand, to build a practical system to meet the needs of practice. By using the comparative method, the logical empirical analysis method and the semantic analysis method in the social empirical analysis, this paper draws the following main conclusions: 1: 1. In the level of private law, the insurer's disaster prevention and loss prevention work is still a contractual obligation. However, insurance contracts tend to give the insurer rights, not lessons from its obligations. Therefore, in practice, the insurer exercise the right of inspection and suggestion is the main form of disaster prevention and loss prevention. In addition, insurance contracts usually do not stipulate the legal consequences of the insurer's failure to exercise these rights in a timely manner. However, the principle of estoppel is only applicable to the situation where the insurer has not exercised the right of suggestion in time, but not in the case of the insurer not exercising the right of inspection in time. Therefore, it is still necessary to further clarify the legal consequences of the insurer's failure to carry out timely inspection. The insurant's duty of disaster prevention and loss prevention is also an agreed obligation. If the insured fulfills the duty of prevention and loss prevention, the expenses arising therefrom shall, in principle, be borne by him alone, but the extra and reasonable expenses arising from the imminent danger shall be reimbursed from the insurer. If the insured violates the obligation to prevent disaster and prevent loss, the insurer may increase the insurance premium or cancel the insurance contract before the loss; after the loss, the insurer can even refuse to compensate. However, no matter what kind of relief right to exercise, should meet the corresponding conditions. 3. The clause of limiting insurance against risk, the clause of excluding liability, the clause of obligation of notice when the risk increases, and the clause of guarantee can be used as other modes of stipulating the duty of prevention and prevention of disaster and loss of the insured. However, in adopting these models, conflict with the legislative purpose of the duty to prevent and prevent loss should be avoided. Especially through the provisions of the provisions on disaster prevention and loss prevention obligations, the relevant provisions should be fine rather than rough.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284

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