合作制农业保险法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 21:12

本文选题：合作制农业保险 + 合作制农业保险组织　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为当代社会应对农业风险的工具之一,合作制农业保险对分散农业生产和经营风险、增加农民的收入、维护粮食安全发挥了极其重大的作用。合作制农业保险与农村金融市场有天然的兼容性,在减少交易成本、提升效率,对抗道德风险和逆向选择等方面有明显的制度优势,相对于商业保险公司,基层合作制农业保险组织由于设立在农村直接面向农户,化解了农险基层服务网络建设的难题,在业务经营上极具便利性。我国早在上世纪九十年代便有了合作制农业保险实践,中央“一号文件”也数次提到鼓励在农村发展互助合作保险,于2013年颁布的《农业保险条例》第一次肯定了合作制农业保险这一农业保险形式。可以说我国合作制农业保险的发展迎来了前所未有的机遇,在现有合作制农业保险实践中,黑龙江阳光农业相互保险公司的经营取得了较大成功,成为行业典范。然而,自合作制农业保险入法以来,相关立法停滞不前,合作制农业保险制度遭遇严重法律困境。目前仅有《农民专业合作社法》及《相互保险组织监管试行办法》对其设立、成员、监管等事项做了初步规定。在合作制农业保险的组织体系的构建、保险费率厘定权限、再保险机制及大灾风险分散机制等方面还是一片空白,由于合作制农业保险组织对风险极为敏感,这些配套机制是否入法恰恰决定着合作制农业保险制度能否持续。正是因为法律制度供给严重不足,黑龙江阳光农业相互保险公司经营的合作制农业保险面临许多困难,有鉴于此,完善合作制农业保险法律制度迫在眉睫。日本和法国的合作制农业保险法律制度相当完备,不仅建立了多层次的组织体系,还有完善的再保险机制、大灾风险分散机制,财税方面支持力度强并且步入法制化轨道,这些做法对完善我国合作制农业保险法律制度提供了有益的启示和经验。为了解决我国合作制农业保险制度遭遇的法律困境,当务之急便是要着力改善法律制度供给,为合作制农业保险的长足发展提供一个优良的制度环境。目前,规制合作制农业保险的法律文件分散,位阶较低,提高其立法位阶是必要的。具体来说,要立足于风控完善合作制农业保险经营规则及各项配套机制。首先,要构建多层次的合作制农业保险组织体系,包括由各个组织形式的原保险人组成的原保险组织体系,以及由各个组织形式的再保险人组成的再保险组织体系,明晰组织体系中各个保险人之间的权利、义务关系,最大程度上为基层合作制农业保险分散经营风险。其次,要赋予合作制农业保险组织一定的费率制定权限,以便更好发挥其灵活性的理论优势,为新型农业主体提供更为丰富的保险产品。另外,鉴于合作制农业保险对风险的敏感性,要尽快完善配套的再保险机制、大灾风险分散机制,在中央成立政策性的农业再保险经营机构在目前来看是非常迫切的,还应设立农业大灾风险分散基金。最后,明确政府在合作制农业保险发展中的具体补贴义务,并将其入法,除了保费补贴机制需要完善,还应为合作制农业保险组织的展业提供经营、管理费用补贴,免税力度也亟待进一步增强。
[Abstract]:As one of the tools to deal with agricultural risks in contemporary society, cooperative agricultural insurance has played an extremely important role in dispersing agricultural production and operating risks, increasing farmers' income and maintaining food security. Cooperative agricultural insurance has natural compatibility with rural financial markets, reducing transaction costs, improving efficiency and confronting moral hazard. As opposed to the adverse selection, there are obvious institutional advantages. Compared with the Business insurance company, the agricultural insurance organization of the grass-roots cooperative system has solved the difficult problem of the construction of the grass-roots service network of agricultural insurance because of its establishment in the rural areas directly to the farmers, and is very convenient in business operation. China had a cooperative agricultural insurance in 90s of last century. In practice, the central "No. 1 document" also mentioned several times to encourage the development of mutual assistance and cooperation insurance in rural areas. In 2013, the agricultural insurance Ordinance, promulgated in 2013, first affirmed the agricultural insurance form of cooperative agricultural insurance. It can be said that the development of our cooperative agricultural insurance has ushered in the previous unavailable opportunities and the existing cooperative agricultural insurance practice. The operation of the Sunlight Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company in Heilongjiang has been a great success and a model for the industry. However, since the incorporation of cooperative agricultural insurance into the law, the relevant legislation has been stagnant and the cooperative agricultural insurance system has encountered serious legal difficulties. The establishment of the establishment, the members, the supervision and other matters have been preliminarily stipulated. It is still a blank in the construction of the organizational system of the cooperative agricultural insurance, the permissions of the insurance rate, the reinsurance mechanism and the dispersal mechanism of the disaster risk. Because the cooperative agricultural insurance organizations are extremely sensitive to the risks, whether these supporting mechanisms enter the law determines the cooperation precisely. It is because of the serious shortage of legal system that the cooperative system of agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Sunlight Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company faces many difficulties. In view of this, it is imminent to improve the legal system of cooperative agricultural insurance. Only a multilevel organization system, a perfect reinsurance mechanism, a decentralized risk risk mechanism, a strong financial and tax support and a legal system, have been provided for the improvement of the legal system of cooperative agricultural insurance in China. The urgent task is to improve the supply of the legal system and provide a good institutional environment for the rapid development of the cooperative agricultural insurance. At present, it is necessary to regulate the legal documents of the cooperative system of agricultural insurance and to improve its legislative level. In particular, it should be based on the wind control to perfect the cooperative agricultural insurance. First, we should construct a multi-level cooperative system of agricultural insurance organization, including the original insurance organization system composed of the original insurers of various organizations, and the reinsurance organization system composed of the reinsurers of various organizations, and clear the rights and obligations of all the insurers in the organization system. The relationship, to the greatest extent, is the risk of decentralized management of agricultural insurance at the grass-roots level. Secondly, it is necessary to give the cooperative agricultural insurance organizations a certain rate of authority to give full play to the theoretical advantages of its flexibility and to provide more rich insurance products for the new agricultural subject. In addition, in view of the risk sensitivity of the cooperative agricultural insurance, To improve the supporting reinsurance mechanism as soon as possible, the decentralization mechanism of large disaster risk, the establishment of a policy based agricultural reinsurance management institution in the Central Committee is very urgent in the present time. It is also necessary to set up a decentralized fund for agricultural disaster risk. Finally, the specific subsidy obligations of the government in the development of cooperative agricultural insurance are clarifying, and it should be incorporated into the law, in addition to the premium. The subsidy mechanism needs to be perfected, and the exhibition industry of cooperative agricultural insurance organizations should also be provided.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

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