液态气体罐柜海运法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:27

本文选题：液态气体 + 罐柜运输　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：目前液化石油气和液化天然气在各个领域的需求量逐渐增加,传统的运输的方式存在的缺陷难以实现供求平衡。因此,液态气体可采用可移动罐柜方式运输,文章通过对新旧运输方式的对比突出新运输方式的优点。鉴于罐柜运输是一种新兴的液态气体运输方式,其高度复杂和特殊的技术要求,是传统液态气体船运输方式所无法涵盖的。换言之,现有调整一般海运、般危险货物运输的法律适用于液态气体罐柜海运存在不完全合理的地方,液态气体罐柜运输特殊的理化、技术特征需要与之相适应的法律规范。现行的相关法律规范还处于技术性规范阶段,尚未上升到法律层面,因此第一、二章分别从罐柜运输的技术和立法方面进行论述,主要针对罐柜运输的特殊技术和理化特性,研究相关的法律问题。第三章对液态气体罐柜海运下托运人、承运人的定义及主体资质进行了研究,并对其区别于一般危险货物主体的特殊权利进行了论证,提出并讨论了液态气体罐柜海运承运人订立合同后拒绝运输权的有限性和其所享有的狭义的货物处置权。第四章首先研究了液态气体罐柜海运基于其特殊性所具有的不同于普通危险货物运输主体的义务,认为液态气体罐柜海运承运人应具有全程适航义务的观点,并首次提出了液态气体罐柜海运主体“双重适货义务”的理论；同时对于液态气体罐柜承运人的特殊管货与装卸义务、托运人的通知和标签义务、以及对同船非液态气体罐柜托运人的义务都进行了分析研究；最后探讨了液态气体罐柜海运下托运人所承担的严格责任及例外。此外,海运是国际航运贸易,与保险密不可分,没有保险,实践中的航运贸易是无法进行的,因为海上特殊风险大,因此国际航运贸易比国内更需要保险的风险保障。第五章通过研究海上危险货物运输污染责任保险,结合液态气体的特殊性和液态气体罐柜海运主体“双重适货”义务理论,对比分析中英两国直接诉讼与船舶适航保证的异同,构建液态气体罐柜海运污染责任保险制度和罐柜海运托运人强制责任保险制度,并建议在液态气体罐柜海运保险中引入英国的船舶保证制度。
[Abstract]:At present, the demand for liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas in various fields is increasing gradually, and it is difficult to achieve the balance of supply and demand in the traditional transportation mode. Therefore, liquid gas can be transported by movable tank. In view of the tank transportation is a new liquid gas transportation mode, its highly complex and special technical requirements, which can not be covered by the traditional liquid gas shipping mode. In other words, the existing law on the transportation of dangerous goods is applicable to the shipping of liquid gas tank where there is not completely reasonable place. The transportation of liquid gas tank is special physical and chemical, and the technical characteristics need to be adapted to the legal standard. The current relevant legal norms are still in the technical standard stage and have not yet risen to the legal level. Therefore, the first and second chapters respectively discuss the technical and legislative aspects of tank transportation, mainly focusing on the special technical and physical and chemical characteristics of tank transportation. Study related legal issues. The third chapter studies the definition and subject qualification of the shipper and carrier under the sea transportation of liquid gas tank, and demonstrates the special rights which are different from the general dangerous goods subject. This paper presents and discusses the limitation of the right to refuse carriage after the conclusion of the contract by the carrier of the liquid gas tank and its narrow right to dispose of the goods. In chapter 4, the author firstly studies the duty of the carrier of liquid gas tank shipping which is different from the main body of dangerous goods transportation based on its particularity, and holds that the carrier of liquid gas tank container should have the obligation of seaworthiness in the whole course. At the same time, it puts forward the theory of "double obligation of fit for goods" of the carrier of liquid gas tank for the first time, and at the same time, the shipper's obligation to notify and label the carrier's special obligations of handling and handling of liquid gas tank. The obligations of the shippers of non-liquid gas tanks on the same ship are analyzed and studied, and the strict liability and exceptions of the shippers under the sea transportation of the liquid gas tank tanks are discussed in the end. In addition, shipping is an international shipping trade, which is closely related to insurance. Without insurance, shipping trade in practice cannot be carried out because the special risks at sea are large, so international shipping trade needs insurance risk protection more than domestic shipping trade. The fifth chapter compares the similarities and differences between direct litigation and seaworthiness guarantee between China and Britain by studying the pollution liability insurance for the transport of dangerous goods by sea, combining the particularity of liquid gas and the theory of "double fit" obligation of the main body of maritime transportation of liquid gas tank. This paper constructs the marine pollution liability insurance system for liquid gas tank tanks and the mandatory liability insurance system for shippers of liquid gas tanks, and proposes to introduce the British ship guarantee system into the marine insurance of liquid gas tank tanks.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284;D922.294

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