论我国海上保险委付制度

发布时间：2018-05-22 10:20

本文选题：委付 + 推定全损　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：委付作为《海商法》中的一项重要制度在海上保险中发挥着重要的作用,在各国的海上保险法律制度中得到普遍认同及适用。本文以海上保险中的委付作为研究对象,通过我国《海商法》与一些主要国家和地区的有关委付制度的法律进行比较分析,对委付的基本概念,性质,实施方式等各环节进行解析,结合我国立法中有关委付制度的现状,提出了一些问题并给出了相应的建议。文章首先对委付的概念给出了多种解释,并结合了其他国家有关委付的定义,对委付在不同层面及内涵上进行理解。接着对委付的特征、法律效力以及法律性质进行阐述,比较分析了主要国家中有关委付法律性质的相关学说。文中以民事法律行为的角度对委付的不同观点进行分析,最终得出结论,委付是一种特殊意义上的意思表示,是当标的物发生事故构成推定全损的情形下,被保险人向保险人请求赔付损失前,被保险人自愿做出的将保险标的转移给保险人的意思表示。接下来就委付与推定全损展开了详细论述论述了,重点论证了委付制度与推定全损制度两者的关系,认为推定全损是委付得以存在的前提条件,二者密不可分。此处又对推定全损与实际全损在法律效果上做出了明确的区分,认为虽然推定全损和实际全损都可以作为委付的前提条件,但是在推定全损的情形下,被保险人必需先向保险人发出委付通知,由此而引出下文中有关委付的实施以及法律效果的相关问题。在该部分中首先论述了委付通知的含义,内容及目的,并结合案例说明委付通知在委付制度中的重要性。并且对保险人接受或不接受委付两个方面分别论述其对保险标的的权利及义务关系。当保险人接受委付通知后,标的物上权利和义务的归属,以及保险人拒绝接受委付通知后,标的物的所有权归属。最后结合文章的上述内容对文章中委付制度的有关规定提出一些问题,并给出相应的建议。保险人拒绝接受委付后标的物的所有权归属问题以及保险人拒绝被保险人的委付通知的合理时间等。
[Abstract]:As an important system in maritime law, abandonment plays an important role in marine insurance and is widely recognized and applied in the legal system of marine insurance in various countries. This article takes the abandonment of maritime insurance as the research object, and through the law of the maritime law of our country and the related system of the major countries and regions. A comparative analysis is made to analyze the basic concepts, nature and implementation of abandonment. In the light of the present situation of the system of abandonment in our country, some problems are put forward and the corresponding suggestions are given. Then it explains the characteristics, legal effect and legal nature of abandonment, and compares and analyzes the relevant theories about the legal nature of abandonment in the main countries. The article analyzes the different views of abandonment in the perspective of civil legal behavior, and finally draws the conclusion that abandonment is a special meaning. When the insured person requests a loss of loss, the insured will voluntarily transfer the insurance mark to the insurer's meaning before the insured is asked to pay the loss to the insurer, and then the abandonment and the presumption of total loss are discussed in detail, and the system of abandonment and the presumption of total loss are emphasized. The relationship between the two is considered as a prerequisite for the existence of the presumption of total loss, and the two are inseparable. Here we make a clear distinction between the presumption of total loss and the actual total loss in the legal effect. It is believed that although the presumption of total loss and the actual total loss can be used as the precondition for abandonment, the insured must, in the case of the presumption of total loss, be insured. It is necessary to give a notice of abandonment to the insurer, which leads to the related issues related to the implementation of the abandonment and the legal effect in the following section. In this part, the meaning, the content and the purpose of the notice of abandonment are discussed first, and the importance of the abandonment notice in the system of abandonment is explained in combination with the case, and two parties are accepted or not accepted to the insurer. The rights and obligations of the insured are discussed respectively. When the insurer accepts the notice of payment, the ownership of the rights and obligations of the subject matter, and the ownership of the subject matter after the insurer refuses to accept the notice of abandonment. Finally, some questions are given to the relevant provisions of the payment system in the article. The insurer refuses to accept the ownership of the subject matter after the abandonment and the reasonable time for the insurer to reject the abandonment notice of the insured.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284;D922.294

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