旅游合同违约责任中的惩罚性赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 19:18

本文选题：旅游合同 + 违约责任　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会,旅游已经成为了人们舒缓压力、提高生活品质的一种主要方式。但在旅游活动中,旅游经营者所具有的追求利益的本性,旅游合同违约现象严重,致使旅游者的合法权益遭到损害。然而,在我国现行的法律中,只规定了旅游者的补偿性赔偿请求权,这样就使得旅游者即使在维权过程中取得了胜利,也不能获得合理适当的赔偿。笔者认为,为了从根本上遏制旅游经营者的恶意违约,《中华人民共和国旅游法》第70条确立惩罚性赔偿非常有必要。其有利于遏制旅行社恶意违约的行为,保障旅游者权益,从而规范旅游市场秩序。本文将从四个部分对旅游合同违约责任中的惩罚性赔偿进行论述。第一部分对旅游合同违约责任中的惩罚性赔偿确立的正当性进行分析,主要包括可提高旅游经营者的违法成本、有利于更好地弥补旅游者的损失以及惩罚性赔偿有利于打击旅游市场的不法经营行为、维护旅游市场秩序等。第二部分对旅游合同违约责任中惩罚性赔偿的适用进行分析,对作为责任主体的旅游经营者进行了详细分析,对旅游辅助服务者的责任承担问题也进行了阐述。本部分分析了旅游经营者在履行合同中的恶意行为,认定恶意行为在旅游合同中的主要表现并逐一分析。同时也详细探讨了恶意行为对于旅游者的损害。第三部分论述是旅游合同违约责任中惩罚性赔偿的限定问题,主要讨论了惩罚性赔偿额需要限定的理由以及如何限定问题,并分析当实践中出现惩罚性赔偿与惩罚性违约金并存的情况下该如何处理以及惩罚性违约金与惩罚性赔偿之间的关系,主要从适用范围、约束对象及目的等方面分析二者的不同。第四部分论述的是旅游合同违约责任中的惩罚性赔偿的完善。对于惩罚性赔偿责任承担中的人身损害进行了扩展；目前惩罚性赔偿在旅游合同违约责任中仅适用于拒绝履行的情形,且要求造成严重后果,本文对于其适用范围进行了探讨,认为惩罚性赔偿责任应该适用于所有故意违约的行为。
[Abstract]:In modern society, tourism has become a major way to relieve stress and improve the quality of life. However, in tourism activities, tourism operators have the nature of pursuing interests, tourism contract breach of contract phenomenon is serious, causing damage to the legitimate rights and interests of tourists. However, in the current law of our country, only the right of compensatory compensation of tourists is stipulated, so that tourists can not obtain reasonable and appropriate compensation even if they have won a victory in the process of safeguarding their rights. The author thinks that it is necessary to establish punitive damages in Article 70 of the Tourism Law of the people's Republic of China in order to curb the malicious breach of contract by tour operators. It helps to curb the malevolent breach of contract by travel agencies, protect the rights and interests of tourists, and standardize the order of tourism market. This article will discuss the punitive damages in the tourism contract breach liability from four parts. The first part analyzes the legitimacy of punitive damages in tourism contract breach liability, including the increase of travel operators' illegal costs. It is beneficial to make up for the loss of tourists and punitive damages to crack down on the illegal operation of the tourism market and to maintain the order of the tourism market. In the second part, the author analyzes the application of punitive damages in tourism contract breach liability, analyzes the tourism operators as the main body of responsibility, and expounds the responsibility of tourism auxiliary service providers. This part analyzes the malicious acts of tour operators in the performance of the contract, determines the main performance of malicious acts in tourism contracts and analyzes them one by one. At the same time, the harm of malicious behavior to tourists is also discussed in detail. The third part discusses the limitation of punitive damages in tourism contract breach liability, mainly discusses the reasons why punitive damages should be limited and how to limit them. It also analyzes how to deal with the coexistence of punitive damages and punitive damages in practice and the relationship between punitive damages and punitive damages, mainly from the scope of application. The differences between them are analyzed in terms of the object and purpose of the constraint. The fourth part discusses the perfection of punitive damages in tourism contract breach liability. It extends the personal injury in the punitive damages liability. At present, the punitive damages only apply to the situation of refusal to perform in the tourism contract breach liability, and the demand has serious consequences. This paper discusses the scope of its application. Punitive liability should be applied to all intentional breach of contract.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.29

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