我国民间借贷的立法研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 16:06

本文选题：民间借贷 + 法律规制　；参考：《上海大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：民间借贷的发展现状与当前法律制度的不足体现了我国民间借贷立法的必要性。然而，一部法律的制定不是一蹴而就的。目前我国民间借贷立法在理论和实践方面均存在一定的困难。理论方面，当前的法律存在着诸多缺陷，而立法模式的选择、规制范围的确定直接关系到民间借贷的立法效果。立法实践中，民间借贷所提倡的利率市场化及企业间借贷都暂难实现。妥善的分析和解决好上述问题对民间借贷的立法问题研究具有非常重要的现实意义。对于现实困境，可以分阶段推进我国利率市场化改革，，按照目前我国的金融市场发展情况，对民间借贷采用最高利率限制；同时，进一步完善我国信贷政策，加大对中小企业的支持，为我国借贷市场提供一个良好的环境，减小企业融资压力，避免企业间借贷风险的发生，立法上建议有限制的允许企业间借贷；继续推进温州金融改革，提高改革的成效。文章对我国民间借贷立法方面的建议主要包括三方面：首先，立法模式及规制路径的科学性选择。笔者认为，我国民间借贷法应是由民间借贷基本法、相关主体法及其他部门法相结合的混合立法模式，一般性规制与专门规制相结合的重点规制路径；其次，我国民间借贷长期缺乏原则性指导，因此我国民间借贷的立法应树立四个特殊原则：金融权利平等原则，该原则要求保障民间借贷与正规金融平等的地位，保障借贷主体拥有对等的权利义务；借贷双方意思自治原则，该原则保证民间借贷的独立性，减少公权力对其的限制，保证民间借贷双方享有平等的地位；营利保护原则，该原则对商事借贷在法律上予以确认，对民间借贷参与主体的合法权益进行保护，允许从事民间借贷的营利行为；风险控制原则，该原则要求民间借贷应坚持内部控制与外部监管的风险控制原则。最后，民间借贷立法要考虑现有法律的不足，通过立法来弥补这些不足。重点应明确民间借贷主体的权利义务、建立政府与行业协会相结合的监管体系、划清民事与刑事责任界限及其他制度的建立和完善。
[Abstract]:The present situation of folk loan and the deficiency of current legal system reflect the necessity of our country's folk loan legislation. However, the formulation of a law is not done overnight. At present, there are some difficulties in both theory and practice. In theory, the current law has many defects, and the choice of legislative model and the determination of the scope of regulation are directly related to the legislative effect of folk lending. In legislative practice, interest rate marketization and inter-firm lending advocated by private lending are temporarily difficult to achieve. It is of great practical significance to properly analyze and solve the above problems for the study of the legislation of private lending. For the practical dilemma, we can push forward the reform of interest rate marketization in stages, according to the current situation of financial market development in our country. At the same time, we should further improve our country's credit policy, increase our support for small and medium-sized enterprises, provide a good environment for our lending market, and reduce the pressure on enterprises to raise funds. In order to avoid the risk of inter-firm lending, it is suggested in legislation to allow inter-firm lending to be restricted; to continue to promote financial reform in Wenzhou, and to improve the effectiveness of the reform. The proposals in this paper mainly include three aspects: first of all, The scientific choice of legislative model and regulation path. The author thinks that the folk loan law of our country should be a mixed legislative model which combines the basic law of folk loan and credit, the relevant subject law and other branch law, and the key regulation path of combining general regulation with special regulation. Secondly, For a long time, there is a lack of principled guidance for private lending in China. Therefore, the legislation of private lending in our country should establish four special principles: the principle of equal financial rights, which requires the guarantee of the equal status of private lending and formal finance. Guarantee the subject of lending has equal rights and obligations; the principle of autonomy of the meaning of both borrowers and borrowers, this principle guarantees the independence of private lending, reduces the restriction of public power, ensures that both parties enjoy equal status; the principle of profit protection, The principle recognizes commercial lending in law, protects the legitimate rights and interests of private loan participants, and allows commercial borrowing to be profit-making; the principle of risk control, This principle requires that private lending should adhere to the internal control and external supervision of risk control principles. Finally, the private lending legislation should consider the shortcomings of existing laws, through legislation to make up for these deficiencies. The emphasis should be on clarifying the rights and obligations of private borrowers, establishing a regulatory system that combines government and trade associations, and delimiting the boundaries of civil and criminal liability and the establishment and improvement of other systems.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.28

【参考文献】