借贷合同加速到期条款的破产法审视

发布时间：2018-06-14 15:53

本文选题：借贷合同 + 加速到期条款　；参考：《法学》2015年11期

【摘要】：借贷合同中的加速到期条款作为贷款人在借贷合同中广泛采用的一种借贷风险管理方式,于借款人进入破产程序之后,其效力应否得到破产法的承认、应否依照破产撤销权规则作为未到期债权或者已到期债权的清偿而加以撤销,是一个理论上研究不足且实践中认识迥异的问题。由于破产撤销权的功能在于维持破产程序启动前债权人之间彼此既定的权利位阶,即保障破产法"同等债权同等对待"立法旨趣的实现,故在借款人进入破产程序之后,难以将加速到期条款列入破产撤销权的规制范围之内,其效力应得到破产法的承认。但在实务中不仅银行债权人在主张债权加速到期后实施的抵销行为应受我国《企业破产法》第40条的拘束,而且发生在破产临界期内的抵销也应受到适当限制,以免当事人通过诸如增加账户内余额等方式使抵销权人获得破产法外的优待。
[Abstract]:The accelerated maturity clause in the loan contract, as a kind of loan risk management widely used by the lender in the loan contract, should be recognized by the bankruptcy law after the borrower enters the bankruptcy proceedings. It is a problem that whether to be revoked according to the rule of bankruptcy rescission right as the settlement of the unmatured creditor's rights or the matured claims is a problem that has not been studied in theory and is widely understood in practice. Because the function of the right to rescind bankruptcy is to maintain the established rank of rights between creditors before the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, that is, to ensure the realization of the legislative purport of "equal treatment of equal creditor's rights" in bankruptcy law, so after the borrower enters bankruptcy proceedings, It is difficult to include the accelerated expiration clause in the scope of bankruptcy rescission right, and its effect should be recognized by bankruptcy law. However, in practice, not only the offsetting behavior of bank creditors who advocate the accelerated maturity of creditor's rights should be bound by Article 40 of the Enterprise bankruptcy Law of China, but also the set-off occurred in the bankruptcy critical period should also be appropriately restricted. Avoid parties from obtaining preferential treatment outside the insolvency law by, for example, increasing the balance in the account.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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