强制清除残骸法律属性研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 06:53

本文选题：代履行 + 强制清除残骸　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国,当残骸对航行安全和海洋环境造成现实的或者潜在的危害时,现有的法律、法规、规章并不能有效的解决由此产生的强制清除残骸法律问题,甚至缺乏法律依据,造成法院判决结果的混乱等问题。要厘清强制清除残骸的相关法律问题,先要明确强制清除残骸的法律属性,故本文研究思路为:首先对残骸、强制清除的概念进行界定;然后对强制清除残骸的法律属性进行分析;最后,论述确定强制清除残骸法律属性解决了哪些实践分歧。理论界对强制清除残骸的法律属性具有代表性的观点可总结为以下几种类型:行政强制措施说、行政代履行与即时执行说、行政命令说、行政命令和行政强制措施说、行政强制执行和行政强制措施说、物权请求权说。但是,基于行政行为理论而非私法的物权请求权角度分析,本文认为强制清除残骸的法律属性为行政命令与行政代履行。当残骸对航行安全或者海洋环境造成现实的或者潜在的危害时,海事行政机关责令清除责任人在限定时间内必须对残骸进行清除属于行政命令;在限定时间内,清除责任人不履行行政命令,或者紧急情况下,来不及先行做出行政命令时,海事行政机关委托第三方清除残骸,均属于行政强制执行的代履行。确定强制清除残骸法律属性能够解决实践中产生的法律问题。第一,强制清除残骸费用的法律属性为行政代履行费用,兼具备公、私双重属性。第二,强制清除残骸主体包括船舶所有人、船舶经营人(包括光船承租人),但是,排除期租承租人、航次承租人、过失第三方、货物所有人、责任保险人。第三,强制清除残骸的执行程序分为一般代履行程序和即时代履行程序。第四,海事行政机关与清除责任人间是行政法律关系,海事行政机关与清除机构间是民事合同关系,清除机构与清除责任人不存在直接的法律关系。第五,强制清除残骸的当事人享有不同的诉权,当不同的当事人提起诉讼时,适用不同的诉讼程序操作规则。
[Abstract]:In our country, when the wreckage causes real or potential harm to navigation safety and marine environment, the existing laws, regulations and rules can not effectively solve the legal problems arising from the forced removal of debris, or even lack of legal basis. Cause confusion of the court's decision, etc. In order to clarify the legal issues related to the forced removal of debris, we must first clarify the legal attributes of the forced removal of wreckage, so the research ideas of this paper are as follows: firstly, define the concept of wreckage and forced removal; Then it analyzes the legal attributes of the forced removal of wreckage, and finally, discusses which practical differences have been resolved by determining the legal attributes of the forced removal of wreckage. The representative views of the theorists on the legal attributes of the forced removal of debris can be summarized as follows: the theory of administrative coercive measures, the theory of administrative agency performance and immediate execution, the theory of executive orders and administrative coercive measures, The theory of administrative enforcement and administrative coercive measures, the right of claim of real right. However, based on the theory of administrative act and not private law, the author thinks that the legal attribute of forced removal of wreckage is executive order and administrative performance. When the wreckage causes real or potential harm to the safety of navigation or the marine environment, the maritime administrative organ shall order the person responsible for the removal of the wreckage to carry out the removal of the wreckage within a limited period of time. When the responsible person fails to perform the administrative order or in case of an emergency it is too late to make an administrative order in advance the maritime administrative organ entrusts a third party to remove the wreckage all of which belong to the administrative compulsory execution. Determining the legal attributes of forced removal of debris can solve the legal problems that arise in practice. First, the legal attribute of the cost of forced removal of debris is the administrative performance fee, as well as the dual attributes of public and private. Secondly, the subject of forced removal of wreckage includes the shipowner, the ship operator (including the bareboat charterer), but the exclusion charterer, voyage charterer, negligent third party, cargo owner, liability insurer. Thirdly, the enforcement procedure of forced removal of debris is divided into general acting procedure and era performing procedure. Fourth, the relationship between the maritime administrative organ and the person responsible for clearance is an administrative legal relationship, and the relationship between the maritime administrative organ and the clearance agency is a civil contract relationship, and there is no direct legal relationship between the clearance agency and the person responsible for the removal. Fifth, the parties who force the removal of wreckage have different rights of action, and different rules of procedure shall be applied when different parties initiate proceedings.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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