有限责任公司股东优先购买权公司章程自治研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 02:27

本文选题：优先购买权 + 合理限制　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着市场经济的深化,交易的不断增多,股权转让的频繁,股东优先购买权在商事交易中起着越来越重要的作用。股东优先购买权是我国《公司法》确立的股东权之一,是民法上优先购买权在商事法上的具体体现,创设该项股东权的目的是维护有限责任公司的人合性,平衡转让股东、优先购买权股东和受让第三人的利益,保证经济的平稳发展。我国《公司法》在此处留有很多空白,造成在实际纠纷中有很多问题不能够以法律为依据进行解决,使股东优先购买权在现实中不能有效的行使,这要求我们应该通过其他规范性文件来对股东优先购买权进行规制。而公司章程具有自治法性质,因此公司章程具有自治法的效力,可以在不违背《公司法》规定的前提下对股东优先购买权进行特别规定,在目前法律对股东优先购买权规范尚有不足的情况下,通过公司章程特别条款来维护股东权不失为一种比较有效和快捷的方式,但是由于公司的千差万别,造成公司章程规范的质量参差不齐,这需要在理论上给予一些原则性的参考意见,结合公司自治最终制定出合理有效的针对股东优先购买权的特别条款,使该项股东权能够在实践中发挥其应有的作用,使公司和股东的权益得到切实的保障。本文主要分为四个部分,第一部为股东优先购买权公司章程自治的理论分析,具体阐述股东优先购买权的权利属性及其价值,然后探讨了公司章程的性质和效力,明确了公司章程的契约属性以及具有的约束力,在此基础上分析了章程自治与股东优先购买权二者的关联,主要论证了公司章程的效力对股东优先购买权的保障作用,为本文打下了理论基础;第二部分,通过对典型大陆法系国家和英美法系国家关于股东优先购买权章程自治立法经验的介绍并进行比较法研究,为完善我国股东优先购买权公司章程自治提供借鉴。第三部分归纳出司法实践中股东优先购买权公司章程自治的问题,主要为股东优先购买权适用范围不合理扩大、公司章程股权限制性规定界限模糊以及在认定损害优先购买权的股权转让协议效力上公司章程缺乏自治空间;第四部分,基于前文的理论分析,为解决实践中的焦点问题提出完善股东优先购买权公司章程自治的措施,以自治理念为主导,强化公司章程自治规则,具体表现为借鉴英美法系的控制权变更条款、明确公司章程对股权转让合理限制标准等措施。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the market economy, the increasing number of transactions and the frequent transfer of equity, the preemptive right of shareholders plays an increasingly important role in commercial transactions. The shareholder's preemption right is one of the shareholders' rights established in the Company Law of our country. It is the concrete embodiment of the civil preemption right in the commercial law. The purpose of the shareholder's right is to maintain the human harmony of the limited liability company and to balance the transfer of the shareholders. The interests of preemptive shareholders and third parties to ensure the smooth development of the economy. China's Company Law leaves a lot of gaps here, resulting in many problems in the actual dispute can not be resolved on the basis of the law, so that shareholders' right of preferential purchase can not be effectively exercised in reality. This requires us to regulate shareholders' preemptive right through other normative documents. The articles of association have the nature of autonomy law, so the articles of association have the effect of autonomy law, and can make special provisions on shareholders' preemptive right without violating the provisions of the Company Law. Under the condition that the current law has insufficient regulation on shareholders' preemption right, it is a more effective and quick way to protect shareholders' rights through special articles of association, but due to the diversity of companies, The quality of the company's articles of association is not uniform, which needs to give some theoretical reference opinions, combined with corporate autonomy to finally work out a reasonable and effective special terms for shareholders' preemptive right. So that the shareholder right can play its due role in practice, so that the rights and interests of the company and shareholders can be effectively protected. This paper is mainly divided into four parts. The first part is the theoretical analysis of the autonomy of the articles of association of the shareholders' preemptive right, and expounds the property and value of the shareholders' preemptive right, and then discusses the nature and effectiveness of the articles of association. This paper clarifies the contractual attribute and binding force of the articles of association, analyzes the relationship between the autonomy of the articles of association and the preemptive right of shareholders, and mainly demonstrates the effect of the articles of association on the protection of the preemptive right of shareholders. In the second part, through the introduction of the experiences of the representative civil law countries and the common law countries about the autonomy legislation of shareholders' preemptive right of purchase, and the comparative law research, It provides reference for perfecting the autonomy of the articles of association of the shareholders' preemptive right in our country. The third part sums up the problems of the autonomy of the articles of association of the shareholders' preemptive right in the judicial practice, mainly for the unreasonable expansion of the scope of application of the shareholder's preemptive right. The limitation limits of the articles of association are vague and the articles of association lack of autonomy in determining the validity of the equity transfer agreement which damages the preemptive right. The fourth part is based on the theoretical analysis above. In order to solve the problem of focus in practice, this paper puts forward some measures to perfect the autonomy of the articles of association of the shareholders' preemptive right of purchase. Clear articles of association on the transfer of equity reasonable restrictions on measures such as standards.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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