论俄罗斯公司资本制度

发布时间：2018-06-24 06:42

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 公司法　；参考：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：资本是维护每个公司正常运转过程的重要因素,同时也是公司法的基本概念之一。公司的注册资本对市场经济的发展起着越来越大的作用。随着市场经济的发展,公司注册资本的作用越来越大。现代俄罗斯经营文化在资本制度领域上开始挑战更难的任务。1991年之前,俄罗斯是计划经济体制,资本由国家控制。苏联解体后,俄罗斯开始施行市场经济,然而对俄罗斯来说,市场经济和资本制度都是十分新鲜的,由此导致资本制度的相应规范并不健全,尤其是在法律的控制与解释层面。并且现在俄罗斯的经济系统仍处于过渡阶段,存在多种所有制类型的企业,所以对于公司资本制度在于法律层面的解释和控制十分重要。值得注意的是,俄罗斯法律为了解决公司法的问题作出了很大的贡献。20世纪70年代苏联政府把计划资本使用的权利交给了企业家,但实际上他们的权利并不能得到实现,是因为国家对资本仍然全面控制,由此导致很多企业家对有效资本利用没有兴趣,直到苏联解体后才开始注意到这个问题的严重性。为了解决问题政府分别于1995年和1998年颁布了《俄罗斯联邦有限责任公司法》和《俄罗斯联邦股份公司法》,对公司资本制度的改善起了很大的作用。2016年7月3日俄罗斯联邦杜马通过《关于一些联邦成文法规的修正》,其中对于《有限责任公司法》和《股份公司法》做出了一些调整。调整后的《有限责任公司法》和《股份公司法》自2017年1月1日起施行。现行的俄罗斯公司法虽然已经被修改很多次,但存在的问题仍然很多,不够完善,所以俄罗斯的公司法完善之路仍需要立法者的不断努力。全文内容大致如下:第一部分论述了本文的研究目的及意义、研究的内容和研究范围和方法进行介绍,为全文写作作出总体性概况。第二部分论述一下公司资本制度的基本概念,包括公司资本制的立法沿革、公司资本概念和公司资本制度的概念。第三部分主要对俄罗斯公司资本制度的主要内容与现状进行分析;具体的内容就是资本形成、股东出资、资本变更和资本回购。第四部分主要介绍一下,俄罗斯公司资本制度存在的问题与不足。体系紊乱、最低注册资本不完善、股东出资方式不够全面和出资程序不完善、股份回购程序不完善可能遇到的尴尬等问题还没解决,不利于公司资本制度的发展。第五部分提出完善俄罗斯公司资本制度的建议。主要通过完善体系、取消最低注册资本、扩充股东出资方式进一步完善出资程序、完善股份回购程序的救济途径等四个方面来完善俄罗斯公司资本制度。本文试图通过对俄罗斯公司法、公司资本制度等现状进行分析,找出目前俄罗斯公司资本制度存在的问题,并在此基础上,通过学习和借鉴国外欧美和中国已有的先进经验,更好地促进于公司资本制的运行。
[Abstract]:Capital is an important factor to maintain the normal operation of every company, and it is also one of the basic concepts of company law. The registered capital of the company plays a more and more important role in the development of market economy. With the development of market economy, the function of the registered capital of the company is more and more great. The modern Russian management culture has begun to challenge the more difficult task in the field of capital system. Before 1991, Russia was a planned economy, and the capital was controlled by the state. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia began to implement the market economy. However, for Russia, the market economy and the capital system are very new, resulting in the corresponding norms of the capital system are not perfect, especially in the control and interpretation of the law. And now the Russian economic system is still in a transitional stage, there are many types of ownership enterprises, so it is very important for the interpretation and control of the corporate capital system lies in the legal level. It is worth noting that Russian law made a great contribution to solving the problems of corporate law. In the 1970s, the Soviet government handed over the right to use planned capital to entrepreneurs, but in reality their rights were not realized. Because the state still has full control over capital, many entrepreneurs are not interested in using it effectively, and it was not until the collapse of the Soviet Union that they became aware of the seriousness of the problem. In order to solve the problem, the Russian Federation Limited liability Company Law and the Russian Federation Stock Company Law were promulgated by the Government in 1995 and 1998 respectively, which played a great role in improving the corporate capital system. The Duma of the Federation of Ross adopted amendments to some federal statutes, in which some adjustments were made to the Limited liability Company Law and the Joint Stock Company Law. The adjusted Limited liability Company Law and the Stock Company Law shall come into force on January 1, 2017. Although the current Russian company law has been amended many times, but there are still many problems, not perfect, so the way to perfect the Russian company law still needs the constant efforts of the legislator. The content of the paper is as follows: the first part discusses the purpose and significance of this paper, the content, scope and methods of the study, and makes a general survey for the full text writing. The second part discusses the basic concepts of corporate capital system, including the legislative evolution of corporate capital system, the concept of corporate capital and the concept of corporate capital system. The third part mainly analyzes the main content and present situation of the Russian company capital system, the concrete content is the capital formation, the shareholder capital contribution, the capital change and the capital repurchase. The fourth part mainly introduces the problems and shortcomings of the Russian company capital system. The system disorder, the minimum registered capital is not perfect, the shareholders' capital contribution way is not comprehensive and the investment procedure is not perfect, the awkward problems that the stock repurchase procedure may meet are not solved, which is not conducive to the development of the company's capital system. The fifth part puts forward the suggestion of perfecting the Russian company capital system. By perfecting the system, canceling the minimum registered capital, expanding the way of shareholders' contribution, and perfecting the relief ways of the stock repurchase procedure, the capital system of Russian companies can be perfected. This paper attempts to find out the problems existing in Russian company capital system by analyzing the current situation of Russian company law and corporate capital system, and on this basis, by studying and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, Europe, America and China. Better promote the operation of the company's capital system.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D951.2;DD912.29

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