我国招标投标救济问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 05:26

本文选题：招标投标制度 + 政府采购　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：招标投标救济是招标投标制度健康运行的重要保障,有助于实现招标投标公平竞争的基本内涵,体现《招标投标法》的精神理念。立法的缺陷和执法的困境都将削弱招标投标制度的竞争性和公正性,阻碍招标投标市场的健康发展,并且为“权力寻租”留下空间。本文第一部分结合实践案例梳理了我国招标投标救济存在的问题。主要通过纠纷解决的自力救济、社会救济和公力救济三个视角对问题进行系统归纳。自力救济方面,异议范围限定于“违法情节”,将异议的处理寄希望于当事人并不现实,异议前置的设置同样乏善可陈,异议及异议前置程序普遍低效;同时,招标人作出重新招标的决定随意性强,投标人的合法权益难以得到有效保障。公力救济方面,最大的问题在于行政救济过程重新评标程序的混乱,这导致了行政机关投诉处理结果缺乏权威,认可度较低;同时,司法救济的缺失也忽视了对当事人民事权利的保护,并加重了行政机关的监管负担。此外,社会救济方面,目前我国招标投标行业协会参与救济的缺失也不符合多元化纠纷解决机制的大趋势,行业协会的调解权尚未从“纸面”落到“地面”。第二部分从救济理念、配套制度和立法三个层面对招标投标救济问题进行了全面的原因分析,是本文的重点。招标投标救济诸问题暴露了“大政府,小社会”及“重实体、轻程序”等传统行政理念仍根深蒂固。其次,疲软的评标专家管理制度和建设步伐缓慢的招标投标信用制度也是导致招标投标救济问题不容忽视的原因。一方面,评标专家评标缺乏独立性、评标质量缺乏科学绩效考核,评标专家库建设管理落后的制度问题,都在无形中加重了招标投标救济的负担,影响评标的公正性;另一方面,片区性招标投标信用体系建设的缓慢以及行业性招标投标信用体系的缺失也削弱了监督力度,影响招标投标纠纷的救济效果。当然,立法的不健全才是导致招标投标救济混乱、低效的直接原因。招标投标法实施条例的专章规定和相关投诉处理办法的有关规定都过于原则/现有投诉处理办法适用范围有限等问题都直接地带来了守法困惑和执法困境。第三部分是对美国、德国和世界贸易组织《政府采购协议》的招标投标救济制度的考察。通过考察发现,健全的监督管理机制和全面具体的操作规范都是完善的招标投标救济制度必不可少的因素,美国多达七级的“招标委员会”机构设置和德国招标纠纷“行政——司法二级审查”程序设置都是例证。德国将招标投标制度纳入竞争法体系的立法结构安排在统一法律的同时也强调了招标投标制度的自由公平的竞争理念,这一突破值得我们借鉴。此外,《政府采购协议》对多元化纠纷解决机制的探索和尝试也为我们化解招标投标纠纷带来了启示。第四部分对我国招标投标救济的完善路径进行了探索,是本文的重点和难点内容。完善招标投标救济的当务之急是清理混乱的立法,统一相关投诉处理办法,细化原则性规范,借助程序正义的力量实现并保障实体正义。其次,应尽快完善配套制度及措施,通过建立动态的评标专家绩效评估和分级管理制度、建立评标专家费用支付和社会服务管理办法实现对评标专家及评标专家库的科学管理;通过加快招标投标征信体系和管理体系的建设,建立并规范信用鉴证中介机构以促进招标投标信用制度利益规范功能的发挥。同时,在招标投标纠纷多元化解决机制的探索方面,可借鉴国际经验适时引入招标投标司法救济审查制度以切实维护招标投标当事人之合法权益,同时鉴于行业协会在争端解决方面不可比拟的优势,法律也应为招标投标行业协会的争端解决权留予更大的发挥空间,通过“市场自治”为失灵的政府干预“分忧”。
[Abstract]:The relief of tendering and bidding is an important guarantee for the healthy operation of the tendering and bidding system, which helps to realize the basic connotation of the fair competition of the tender and tender, and embodies the spirit idea of the bidding method. The defects of the legislation and the difficulties of law enforcement will weaken the competitive and impartiality of the bidding system, and prevent the healthy development of the bidding market, and The first part of this paper combing with practical cases combing the existing problems of our country's bidding relief, mainly through the dispute settlement of self relief, social relief and public relief three perspectives to systematically summarize the problems. It is not realistic to send hope to the parties, and the setting of the objection preposition is also weak, and the prepositional procedure of objection and objection is generally inefficient; at the same time, the decision of the tenderer to make a bid for rebidding is very arbitrary, and the legal rights and interests of the bidder are difficult to be effectively guaranteed. The confusion has led to the lack of authority and low approval of the administrative complaints and treatment results. At the same time, the lack of judicial relief also ignored the protection of the civil rights of the parties and aggravated the supervision burden of the administrative organs. In addition, the social relief, the lack of participation in relief in our country's tendering and bidding industry association does not conform to the pluralism. In the big trend of the dispute settlement mechanism, the mediation power of the industry association has not fallen from "paper" to the "ground". The second part is the focus of this article from the relief concept, the supporting system and the legislation in three layers, which is the focus of this article. The problems of the rescue and rescue of the tender and tender are exposed to the "big government, the small society" and the second parts. The traditional administrative concepts such as "heavy entity and light program" are still deeply rooted. Secondly, the weak bid evaluation expert management system and the tender and tender credit system with slow pace of construction are also the reasons that can not be ignored. On the one hand, the evaluation experts lack the independence, the quality of the bid evaluation is lack of scientific performance assessment, and the bid evaluation is special. On the other hand, the slow construction of the bids and the lack of the credit system of the industry tendering and bidding also weaken the degree of supervision and influence the relief effect of the bidding disputes. The unsound legislation is the direct cause for the confusion and inefficiency of the tender and tender. The provisions of the special chapter of the regulations on the implementation of the tendering and Bidding Law and the relevant provisions of the related complaint handling methods are too principles / the limited scope of application of the existing complaint handling methods. The third part is the beauty of the United States. The investigation of the relief and bid relief system of the government procurement agreement of the state, Germany and the World Trade Organization (WTO) shows that a sound supervision and management mechanism and a comprehensive and specific operation standard are essential factors for the perfect bidding relief system, as many as seven "Tender Committee" institutions in the United States and the German bidding correction. The procedural setting of "two levels of administrative and judicial review" is exemplified. In Germany, the legislative structure of the bidding system into the system of competition law has also emphasized the free and fair competition concept of the tendering and bidding system at the same time. This breakthrough is worth our reference. The exploration and attempt of the decision mechanism also bring us enlightenment to resolve the dispute of tender and tender. The fourth part is the key and difficult part of this article. It is the key and difficult content of this article to improve the remedy of tender and tender in our country. To realize and guarantee substantive justice with the help of procedural justice. Secondly, we should improve the supporting system and measures as soon as possible. Through the establishment of dynamic evaluation and management system of evaluation experts' performance and classification, the scientific management of bid evaluation experts' payment and social service management should be established to realize the scientific management of bid evaluation experts and bid evaluation experts. The construction of the bidding system and management system, the establishment and standardization of the intermediary institutions of credit authentication to promote the function of the benefit standard of the tendering and bidding credit system. At the same time, in the exploration of the pluralistic settlement mechanism of the tender and tender dispute, the judicial relief examination system of the tender and tender can be introduced in time in order to safeguard the tender. In view of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, and in view of the incomparable advantages of the industry association in the dispute settlement, the law should also give greater scope to the dispute settlement rights of the tendering and bidding industry associations, and the "market autonomy" should be used as a malfunctioning government to interfere with the "worry".
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.297

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