网约车中央立法与地方立法的冲突与平衡

发布时间：2018-07-11 16:25

本文选题：网约车 + 中央立法　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：网约车是“互联网+”对客运行业的渗透,是一种新兴业态,刚出现时并无专门立法对其进行规定,合法性身份存疑,制约网约车良性发展。网约车是市场在资源配置中起决定性性作用的体现,多方利益的考量认为对其确有立法的必要,让其在法律框架下良性发展后,交通部联合七个部委下发《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》(以下简称“网约车新规”),从法律层面承认网约车的合法地位。网约车新规只在宏观框架内对网约车进行规范,制定具体实施细则的权力下放给地方,允许地方在网约车新规的宏观框架内制定地方网约车实施细则,地方网约车实施细则的制定与执行将直接影响网约车新规的实施效果。不同城市之间具体情况不同对网约车地方立法的影响较大,毕竟网约车地方立法需要当地政府及交通管理部门因地制宜、因城施策的综合考量。从已经公布的部分城市网约车新规实施细则或征求意见稿中可以看出,中央放权后的地方立法有很多问题的存在,部分城市对户籍和车籍的限制性规定引起很大争议,认为其违反网约车新规,违反“公平就业、公平竞争、市场在资源配置中起主导作用,涉及地域歧视、户籍歧视、地方保护等。”[1]本文将从中央与地方立法关系着手,对网约车中央立法与地方立法中存在的问题进行分析,并对网约车中央立法与地方立法中存在的冲突提出平衡建议。本文除去引言,主要从五个部分对网约车中央立法与地方立法的冲突与平衡进行分析和阐述。第一部分为网约车中央立法与地方立法的关系分析,主要包括包括网约车中央立法与地方立法的权限划分、网约车中央立法与地方立法的立法依据。第二部分是对现行网约车中央立法与地方立法规范分析,包括现行网约车立法规定以及网约车立法情况差异的原因。第三部分是对网约车中央立法与地方立法的现状分析,对网约车中央立法与地方立法的积极影响和网约车中央立法与地方立法存在的冲突进行归纳。第四部分针对网约车中央立法与地方立法中存在的冲突提出平衡建议,以期网约车的合法有序发展。最后部分为文章的一个结语,网约车中央立法与地方立法应从社会发展的客观规律出发,从人民群众的切身利益考虑,唯有此,才能保障网约车立法的效益最大化。
[Abstract]:The "Internet" is the penetration of the "Internet" to the passenger transport industry. It is a new form of business. When it first appeared, there was no special legislation to regulate it, and the legitimacy status was doubtful, which restricted the benign development of the net-chartered car. Ride-sharing is the embodiment of the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources. The consideration of various interests suggests that it is necessary to legislate for it, so that it can develop healthily under the legal framework. The Ministry of Communications, in conjunction with seven ministries and commissions, has issued the interim measures for the Administration of online booking Taxi Business Service (hereinafter referred to as "the New regulations on car booking"), in order to recognize the legal status of net-chartered cars from the legal level. The new regulations only regulate the net car within the macro framework, and delegate the power to the local authorities to formulate the specific implementation rules, allowing the local authorities to formulate the local rules for the implementation of the net car within the macro framework of the new rules. The formulation and implementation of the local network rules will directly affect the effect of the new rules. After all, the local legislation needs the local government and the traffic management department to take measures according to the local conditions, because of the comprehensive consideration of the city policy. As can be seen from the detailed rules for the implementation of the new regulations or the draft of soliciting opinions of some city networks, there are many problems in the local legislation after the central government devolves power, and the restrictive regulations on household registration and car registration in some cities cause great controversy. It is considered that this system violates the new regulations of "fair employment, fair competition, market playing a leading role in the allocation of resources, involving regional discrimination, household registration discrimination, local protection and so on." [1] this paper will start with the relationship between central and local legislation. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the central legislation and the local legislation, and puts forward some suggestions on the balance of the conflicts between the central legislation and the local legislation. Apart from the introduction, this paper analyzes and expounds the conflict and balance between the central legislation and the local legislation in five parts. The first part is the analysis of the relationship between the central legislation and the local legislation, including the division of the jurisdiction between the central legislation and the local legislation, and the legislative basis of the central legislation and the local legislation. The second part is the analysis of the central legislation and the local legislation, including the current legislation and the reasons for the difference of the legislation. The third part is the analysis of the current situation of the central legislation and the local legislation, the positive influence of the central legislation and the local legislation, and the conflict between the central legislation and the local legislation. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions to balance the conflicts between the central legislation and the local legislation in order to promote the legal and orderly development of net-chartered cars. The last part is a conclusion of the article. The central legislation and the local legislation should proceed from the objective law of social development and consider the vital interests of the people. Only in this way can the benefit of the legislation be maximized.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.296

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