P2P网络借贷投资人保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 11:48

【摘要】：P2P网贷投资人的利益是P2P网络借贷市场的根本动力,自2012年行业进入蓬勃发展期后,P2P网贷的高收益吸引着一批又一批投资人只身闯入P2P网贷这片“无监管、无标准、无门槛”的蓝海。为发掘更加丰富的优质资产,P2P模式迅速攻陷了金融业的一个又一个领域,从最初单纯的借贷到供应链金融、保理业务、票据金融、消费金融,P2P网贷平台在资产端的创新使得更加专业、更加复杂的资产运行模式经过层层包装后,仅以预期年化收益、期限等简单的几项指标呈现在投资人面前,信息不对称成为P2P网贷行业最显而易见的痛点。缺乏信息获取渠道、正确风险观念、投资经验以及专业金融知识的投资人遭遇了信息披露制度不完善、信用体系不健全、监管体系尚未形成但是创新却近乎疯狂的P2P网贷,使得跑路、庞氏骗局、诈骗等极端案件频发,投资人财产安全等权利受到极大威胁,投资人的弱势地位日益凸显。为此,本文首先从理念角度分析了P2P网贷投资人属于金融消费者范畴,并且从外延角度限定了一般投资人为需要保护的对象,初步明确一般投资人的弱势地位,随之第二部分重点从信息不对称理论、投资人的非理性行为、买者自负原则的局限性三个方面进一步说明了P2P网贷投资人保护的必要性,接下来第三部分分析了当前P2P网贷投资人有哪些权利,重点分析了这些权利的现状及其中所存在问题的形成原因,以此再次说明了当前P2P网贷投资人保护的重要性,同时以原因和问题为切入点,本文的第四、第五部分针对此,在监管理念和模式、纠纷解决机制等方面提出了相关建议,重点包括:对行业的监管和对投资人的保护应当统一于保障市场机制正常发挥这一终极目标之中,此三者形成良性循环,投资人才能最终受益。因此,从2014年“四条红线”开始,监管确立了“负面清单”模式,给予了市场自由调节的空间,直至2016年专项整治开始、监管政策正式落地,这期间对于不同平台分类采取相应措施体现了监管的灵活性和对市场规律的尊重,所以在接下来的信息披露制度建设等监管政策的落实应当循序渐进,要以保障市场机制正常运行为目标。同时,为切实保障投资人的权利,应当构建既符合P2P网贷特点同时能够与传统解决方案相对接的多元化纠纷解决机制,并且应当着手为建立P2P网贷领域金融申诉专员制度作准备。
[Abstract]:The interests of P2P network loan investors are the fundamental driving force of the P2P network lending market. Since the industry entered a period of vigorous development in 2012, the high returns of P2P network loans have attracted a lot of investors to break into P2P network loans alone. The Blue Sea without threshold. In order to discover more abundant high-quality assets, P2P model has rapidly captured one field after another of the financial industry, from the initial simple borrowing to supply chain finance, factoring business, bill finance, The innovation of consumer finance P2P network loan platform on the asset side makes the more professional and more complex asset operation mode, after many layers of packaging, only a few simple indicators, such as expected annual income and maturity, are presented to investors. Information asymmetry has become the most obvious pain point of P2P network loan industry. Lack of access to information, correct risk concept, investment experience and professional financial knowledge of investors encountered the information disclosure system is not perfect, the credit system is not perfect, the regulatory system has not yet formed, but innovation is almost crazy P2P loans. Such as running away, Ponzi scheme, fraud and other extreme cases, investors' property security and other rights are greatly threatened, and investors' weak position is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes that P2P network loan investors belong to the category of financial consumers from the perspective of concept, and from the extension point of view, defines the general investors as the object that needs to be protected, and preliminarily clarifies the weak position of the general investors. Then the second part focuses on the theory of information asymmetry, the irrational behavior of investors, and the limitation of the principle of buyer's conceit, which further explains the necessity of the protection of P2P network loan investors. The third part analyzes the current P2P network loan investors have what rights, focusing on the status of these rights and the causes of the problems in the formation of the existing problems, so as to explain the importance of the current P2P network loan investors protection. At the same time, with the reasons and problems as the starting point, the fourth and fifth parts of this paper, in view of this, in the concept and mode of supervision, dispute resolution mechanism and other aspects of the relevant recommendations, The key points are as follows: the supervision of the industry and the protection of investors should be unified in the ultimate goal of ensuring the market mechanism to play a normal role. These three forms a virtuous circle and the investment talents can benefit eventually. Therefore, starting from the "four red lines" in 2014, regulation has established a "negative list" model, giving the market room for free regulation until the special regulation begins in 2016, and the regulatory policy officially falls to the ground. During this period, the adoption of corresponding measures for the classification of different platforms reflects the flexibility of supervision and respect for market laws, so the implementation of regulatory policies, such as the construction of information disclosure systems, should be carried out step by step. To ensure the normal operation of the market mechanism as the goal. At the same time, in order to effectively protect the rights of investors, we should construct a diversified dispute resolution mechanism that not only conforms to the characteristics of P2P network loan but also can connect with traditional solutions. And should start to set up P2P network loan domain financial ombudsman system to prepare.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.282

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