P2P网络借贷风险的法律管控

发布时间：2018-09-09 19:12

【摘要】：2007年,我国第一家P2P网络借贷平台“拍拍贷”正式上线。“拍拍贷”上线后,我国大陆境内的P2P网络借贷平台也纷纷开始上线,呈爆发式增长。但与P2P网络借贷迅速发展不相称的是,目前规制P2P网络借贷平台的法律规范奇缺,只有一部2016年8月24日银监会、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家互联网信息办公室联合颁布的《网络借贷信息中介机构业务活动管理暂行办法》。而P2P网络借贷平台在经历了 10年的发展后,暴露的问题越来越多,甚至在2013年发生了“倒闭潮”,出现了巨大的经济和法律风险,引起了全社会的广泛关注。因此,对P2P网络借贷加以法律上的管控,迫在眉睫。本文在介绍P2P网络借贷基本理论的基础上,从分析P2P网络借贷的借款人、出借人和借贷平台三个不同主体的法律风险入手,提出有针对性的管控法律风险的措施,以期对P2P网络借贷行业的健康稳定发展有所帮助。学位论文主要分为三个部分:第一部分主要介绍P2P网络借贷平台的基本理论和运作模式。首先,界定了 P2P网络借贷平台、借款人、出借人的概念,分析了 P2P网络借贷平台的特点、性质,厘清了 P2P网络借贷所涉及的法律关系;其次,介绍了单纯中介型、复合中介型、纯公益型三种P2P网络借贷平台的运作模式。单纯中介型是以美国的Prosper和我国的拍拍贷为例,复合中介型是以英国的Zopa为例,纯公益型则是以美国的Kiva为例。第二部分分析了 P2P网络借贷平台、借款人和出借人三个主体各自的法律风险。平台自身由于行业准入标准的缺失,致使其存在非法集资、资金托管和流动性等法律风险;借款人方面存在信息失真、资金用途监管缺失和借款人信息泄露等法律风险;出借人方面存在出借资金来源和救济途径有限等法律风险。第三部分针对平台自身、借款人和出借人的法律风险,提出了有针对性的法律管控建议。对平台自身而言,建议从明确监管原则入手,构建准入和退出机制,防范非法集资,建立风险保证金制度;对借款人而言,建议完善信用体系,建立贷后资金用途跟踪机制和防止借贷双方信息泄露制度;对出借人而言,建议加强借贷交易监控,采用抵押担保和保险公司信用保险担保相结合的担保措施并加重违约者的违约成本。
[Abstract]:In 2007, China's first P2P network lending platform "PPDAI" officially launched. After PPDAI went online, P2P network lending platforms in mainland China began to go online one after another, with explosive growth. However, what is not commensurate with the rapid development of P2P network lending is that the current legal regulations governing P2P network lending platforms are extremely lacking. There is only one Ministry of Banking Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Ministry of Public Security on August 24, 2016. The interim measures for the Administration of Business activities of Network Lending Information intermediaries promulgated jointly by the State Internet Information Office. After 10 years of development, P2P network lending platform has been exposed more and more problems, even in 2013 "bankruptcy tide", appeared huge economic and legal risks, caused wide attention of the whole society. Therefore, the P2P network lending to the legal control, imminent. On the basis of introducing the basic theory of P2P network lending, this paper analyzes the legal risks of three different subjects of P2P network lending, I. E. borrowers, lenders and loan platforms, and puts forward some measures to control the legal risks. With a view to P2P network lending industry healthy and stable development to help. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part mainly introduces the basic theory and operation mode of P2P network lending platform. First of all, it defines the concept of P2P network lending platform, borrowers, lenders, analyzes the characteristics and nature of P2P network lending platform, clarifies the legal relationship involved in P2P network lending; secondly, introduces the pure intermediary type. Compound intermediary type, pure public welfare three kinds of P2P network lending platform operation mode. The simple intermediary type takes the Prosper of the United States and PPDAI of our country as an example, the compound intermediary type takes the Zopa of the United Kingdom as an example, and the pure public welfare type takes the Kiva of the United States as an example. The second part analyzes the legal risks of P2P network lending platform, borrowers and lenders. Due to the lack of industry access standards, the platform itself has legal risks such as illegal fund-raising, fund custody and liquidity, information distortion in borrowers, lack of supervision over the use of funds and disclosure of information by borrowers. There are legal risks for lenders, such as limited sources of funds and remedies. In the third part, the legal risk of the platform itself, borrowers and lenders is proposed. For the platform itself, it is suggested to start with clear regulatory principles, to build access and exit mechanisms, to prevent illegal fund-raising, to establish a risk margin system, and to perfect the credit system for borrowers. To establish a tracking mechanism for the use of funds after loans and to prevent the disclosure of information between the two parties; for lenders, it is recommended that the monitoring of lending transactions be strengthened. The mortgage guarantee and the insurance company credit insurance guarantee are used to guarantee and increase the defaulting cost.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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