广州民间金融街小额货款公司金融风险防范法律机制探讨
发布时间：2018-09-18 11:29
【摘要】：随着我国民营经济的飞速发展,我国民间资本迅速积累。由于我国民间投资体系不完善,导致民间资本流动不畅,投资渠道有限,大量民间资本涌入地下钱庄等非法机构,给金融秩序的稳定带来很大威胁,非法集资案件时有发生。为了规范民间投资,银监会和中国人民银行在2008年联合发布了《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》全面推进小额贷款公司的试点工作。为进一步规范小额贷款公司的发展,实现对小额贷款公司金融风险的集中监管,广东省在2012年6月成立了全国首条民间金融街——广州民间金融街,通过补贴、完善配套服务等措施,吸引现有和新设立的小额贷款公司入驻广州民间金融街。成立近三年来,广州民间金融街在小额贷款公司金融风险防范方面取得了一定的成绩,也暴露出很多问题。为防范小额贷款公司金融风险,广州民间金融街建立了一套独具特色的金融风险防范法律机制,具体包括严格的市场准入机制、现场检查与非现场监管制度、监管评级制度、第三方征信机构、广州民间金融商会、风险处置机制和中国民间融资(广州)价格指数体系等一系列制度。广州民间金融街小额贷款公司金融风险防范法律机制虽已初步建立,但由于其政策性较强,从严格意义上讲,该金融风险防范法律机制并不健全。广州民间金融街小额贷款公司金融风险防范法律机制存在的缺陷主要包含以下几个方面:一是小额贷款监管法律法规体系的不健全,具体包括立法层级较低、小额贷款公司法律地位不明确;二是小额贷款公司内部金融风险防范机制的不健全,具体包括内部风险防范能力较弱、存在违法账外经营的现象、资金来源有限且流动性不强;三是小额贷款公司外部金融风险防范机制的不健全,具体包括借款人信用信息获取来源有限、贷款业务集中度过高易引发系统性风险;四是行政监管机制的不健全,具体包括监管主体不明确、监管力量薄弱、现场检查与非现场监管成效低以及监管评级和监管联席会议制度落实不到位;五是行业自律机制的不健全,具体包括行业自律未有效落实、缺乏专门自律监管常设机构。完善广州民间金融街小额贷款公司金融风险防范法律机制,可以从完善监管立法、完善内部金融风险防范机制、完善外部金融风险防范机制、完善行政监管机制和完善行业自律机制五个方面进行。完善监管立法方面,可以从提高监管立法层级、明确监管主体和小额贷款公司的法律地位、放宽小额贷款公司设立条件三个方面进行;完善内部金融风险防范机制方面,可以从加强小额贷款公司内部风险防控、提高小额贷款公司融资能力两个方面进行;完善外部金融风险防范机制方面,可以从进一步完善金融街征信公司信用数据库、加强高集中度小额贷款业务的监管、加强小额贷款公司经营的合法合规审计三个方面进行;完善行政监管机制方面,可以从进一步完善现场检查制度和非现场监管制度、明确广州民间金融街小额贷款公司监管主体、完善监管部门组织架构、完善监管评级制度和监管联席会议制度等方面进行;完善行业自律机制方面,可以从加强对小额贷款公司行业自律监管的监督和完善广州民间金融商会的组织架构两个方面进行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's private economy, private capital has accumulated rapidly. Due to the imperfection of China's private investment system, the flow of private capital is not smooth, investment channels are limited, and a large number of private capital flows into illegal institutions such as underground banks, which pose a great threat to the stability of the financial order. Illegal fund-raising cases occur from time to time. In 2008, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People's Bank of China jointly issued Guiding Opinions on the Pilot of Microfinance Companies to comprehensively promote the pilot work of microfinance companies. Guangzhou Private Finance Street, the first private financial street in China, has attracted existing and newly established small loan companies to enter Guangzhou Private Finance Street by means of subsidies and improving supporting services. In the past three years since its establishment, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has made certain achievements in preventing financial risks of small loan companies and exposed many questions. To guard against financial risks of microfinance companies, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has established a set of unique legal mechanisms to prevent financial risks, including strict market access mechanism, on-site inspection and off-site supervision system, supervision and rating system, third-party credit institutions, Guangzhou Private Finance Chamber of Commerce, risk handling mechanism and Chinese citizens. Inter-financing (Guangzhou) price index system and a series of other systems. Although the legal mechanism for preventing financial risks of small loan companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street has been initially established, it is not sound in a strict sense because of its strong policy. The Law on Preventing Financial Risks of Small Loan Companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street The defects of the legal mechanism mainly include the following aspects: first, the imperfection of the legal system of micro-loan supervision, including the lower level of legislation, the unclear legal status of micro-loan companies; second, the imperfection of the internal financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies, including the weakness of the internal risk prevention ability, the existence of micro-loan companies. Third, the external financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies is not perfect, including the borrowers'limited sources of credit information, loan business concentration is too high easy to cause systemic risk; fourth, the administrative supervision mechanism is not perfect, including the supervision subject. Fifth, the imperfection of the industry self-discipline mechanism, including the lack of effective implementation of the industry self-discipline, the lack of specialized self-regulatory permanent institutions. The legal mechanism of insurance prevention can be carried out from five aspects: perfecting the supervision legislation, perfecting the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the external financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the administrative supervision mechanism and perfecting the industry self-discipline mechanism. To perfect the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, we can strengthen the internal risk prevention and control of the micro-loan company and improve the financing ability of the micro-loan company; to perfect the external financial risk prevention mechanism, we can further improve the Financial Street credit reporting. In order to improve the administrative supervision mechanism, we can further improve the on-site inspection system and off-site supervision system, and make clear the supervision subject of the micro-loan companies in Guangzhou private financial street. In order to improve the industry self-discipline mechanism, we should strengthen the supervision of the industry self-discipline of micro-loan companies and improve the organizational structure of the Guangzhou Civil Finance Chamber of Commerce.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's private economy, private capital has accumulated rapidly. Due to the imperfection of China's private investment system, the flow of private capital is not smooth, investment channels are limited, and a large number of private capital flows into illegal institutions such as underground banks, which pose a great threat to the stability of the financial order. Illegal fund-raising cases occur from time to time. In 2008, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People's Bank of China jointly issued Guiding Opinions on the Pilot of Microfinance Companies to comprehensively promote the pilot work of microfinance companies. Guangzhou Private Finance Street, the first private financial street in China, has attracted existing and newly established small loan companies to enter Guangzhou Private Finance Street by means of subsidies and improving supporting services. In the past three years since its establishment, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has made certain achievements in preventing financial risks of small loan companies and exposed many questions. To guard against financial risks of microfinance companies, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has established a set of unique legal mechanisms to prevent financial risks, including strict market access mechanism, on-site inspection and off-site supervision system, supervision and rating system, third-party credit institutions, Guangzhou Private Finance Chamber of Commerce, risk handling mechanism and Chinese citizens. Inter-financing (Guangzhou) price index system and a series of other systems. Although the legal mechanism for preventing financial risks of small loan companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street has been initially established, it is not sound in a strict sense because of its strong policy. The Law on Preventing Financial Risks of Small Loan Companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street The defects of the legal mechanism mainly include the following aspects: first, the imperfection of the legal system of micro-loan supervision, including the lower level of legislation, the unclear legal status of micro-loan companies; second, the imperfection of the internal financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies, including the weakness of the internal risk prevention ability, the existence of micro-loan companies. Third, the external financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies is not perfect, including the borrowers'limited sources of credit information, loan business concentration is too high easy to cause systemic risk; fourth, the administrative supervision mechanism is not perfect, including the supervision subject. Fifth, the imperfection of the industry self-discipline mechanism, including the lack of effective implementation of the industry self-discipline, the lack of specialized self-regulatory permanent institutions. The legal mechanism of insurance prevention can be carried out from five aspects: perfecting the supervision legislation, perfecting the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the external financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the administrative supervision mechanism and perfecting the industry self-discipline mechanism. To perfect the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, we can strengthen the internal risk prevention and control of the micro-loan company and improve the financing ability of the micro-loan company; to perfect the external financial risk prevention mechanism, we can further improve the Financial Street credit reporting. In order to improve the administrative supervision mechanism, we can further improve the on-site inspection system and off-site supervision system, and make clear the supervision subject of the micro-loan companies in Guangzhou private financial street. In order to improve the industry self-discipline mechanism, we should strengthen the supervision of the industry self-discipline of micro-loan companies and improve the organizational structure of the Guangzhou Civil Finance Chamber of Commerce.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28
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