论我国市场退出法律制度的市场化改革——写于《企业破产法》实施十周年之际

发布时间：2018-10-26 10:52

【摘要】：当下学界对重视市场退出问题的研究,主要聚集于"法庭内"退出制度,特别是破产重整、清算和和解这三种列于《企业破产法》的制度,而对于"法庭外"退出制度的关注寥寥,对市场退出制度重视不足,市场退出制度在实践中呈现一定的非市场化运行状况。本文立足于市场退出制度的市场化改革,重点关注"法庭外"的退出规则以及"法庭外"与"法庭内"退出制度的衔接问题,希冀在这块"理论荒地"上搭建研究架构,为我国市场退出制度体系的改进提供政策建议。应当贯彻市场化与法治化思维,构建良性的市场退出法律制度体系。当前的经济形势及国家政策为市场退出制度指明市场化的改革方向。应在简政放权的政策环境下完善司法审查监督机制,重视"法庭内"强制清算程序对自行清算漏洞的弥补,为市场主体提供"最后保护伞"。应在完善社会信用机制的基础上,通过年报制度促使企业"对市场负责",由行政机关监督转换为社会共治。应在注销制度的改革中,通过推行简易注销程序降低企业退出市场的成本,提高企业的离场动力。
[Abstract]:The current academic research on the issue of market withdrawal is mainly focused on the "court" exit system, especially the bankruptcy reorganization, liquidation and settlement, which are listed in the Enterprise bankruptcy Law. However, little attention has been paid to the "out-of-court" exit system, and insufficient attention has been paid to the market exit system, which has taken on a certain non-market-oriented operation in practice. Based on the market-oriented reform of the market exit system, this paper focuses on the exiting rules of "out-of-court" and the connection between "out-of-court" and "within-court" withdrawal system, hoping to build a research framework on this "theoretical wasteland". To provide policy advice for the improvement of China's market withdrawal system. We should carry out the thinking of marketization and rule by law, and construct a benign market withdrawal from the legal system. The current economic situation and national policies point out the market-oriented reform direction for the market withdrawal system. We should perfect the supervision mechanism of judicial review under the policy environment of simplified administration and decentralization, attach importance to the remedy of the loophole of self-clearing by the compulsory liquidation procedure within the court, and provide the "final umbrella" for the market subject. On the basis of perfecting the social credit mechanism, enterprises should be made "responsible to the market" through the annual report system, and the supervision of administrative organs should be transformed into social co-governance. In the reform of the cancellation system, the simple cancellation procedure should be carried out to reduce the cost of withdrawing from the market and to improve the motivation of the enterprises to leave the market.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学;
【基金】：中国市场监督管理学会委托课题《市场主体退出制度研究》(课题编号:1021-23216111)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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