城镇化背景下坟地复垦的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 19:19

【摘要】：研究目的:从殡葬管理、土地管理、城乡规划等实定法的角度,分析对于占用耕地的坟地处理方式,以明确何种坟地可以被复垦。研究方法:实证法,规范分析法。研究结果:依据1997年的《殡葬管理条例》,对已存在于耕地之上的坟墓处理,需根据建坟时间的不同予以区别对待,民政部门对此有强制执行权,该项权力在《行政强制法》实施后失效;依据《土地管理法》,需区分建坟的时间以及坟主对坟墓有无扩建、重建行为,土地行政主管部门对此无行政强制权;依据《城乡规划法》,乡、镇人民政府只能处理乡村规划制定后所建坟墓,并依据该法第65条的规定行使强制执行权。从时间效力的角度来看,限期改正、限期拆除决定为行政处罚,只要坟墓持续存在,其行为就没有终了,拆除决定不违反处罚时效。研究结论:对于占用耕地的坟地,行政机关应根据其修建的年代分类处理并选择性复垦。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to analyze the disposal methods of the graveyard occupied by cultivated land from the angle of funeral management, land management, urban and rural planning and so on, so as to find out which graveyard can be reclaimed. Research methods: positive method, normative analysis method. Research results: according to the 1997 regulations on the Administration of Funeral and burial, the disposal of tombs that already exist on cultivated land should be treated differently according to the time of grave building, and the civil affairs department has the power to enforce them. The power shall be invalidated after the implementation of the Administrative compulsory Law; According to the Land Management Law, it is necessary to distinguish between the time when the grave is built and whether the grave owner has the act of expanding and rebuilding the grave, and the administrative authority of the land administration has no administrative compulsion on it; According to the Urban-Rural Planning Law, the township and town people's governments can only deal with the graves built after the formulation of the rural planning, and exercise the enforcement power in accordance with the provisions of Article 65 of the Law. From the point of view of time effect, the time limit corrects, the deadline demolition decision is administrative punishment, as long as the grave continues to exist, its behavior does not end, the demolition decision does not violate the penalty limitation period. Conclusion: for the graveyards occupied by cultivated land, the administrative organs should classify the graveyards according to the years they built and reclaim them selectively.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D922.3;D922.297

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