论网约车平台的法律属性及法律规制

发布时间：2018-11-01 19:27

【摘要】：在信息网络数据化的大时代背景下,随着打车软件的开发和应用,不仅给过去传统出租车行业带来了极大的冲击,也因此导致网约车市场规制上的空白,使其在市场运营过程中隐藏诸多法律风险。本文试图通过文献研究、案例分析等方法以明辨网约车平台的法律属性为切入点,明确平台的具体义务,规范专车和司机的市场准入条件,为乘客权益的法律保护提供一定程度的理论研究价值。文章第一部分提出网约车环境下存在的现实问题。通过近期发生的实际案例,提出目前网络约车在经营运营中亟待解决的问题,为下文的撰写作铺垫。文章第二部分对网约车运营中平台的法律属性进行界定。首先,对目前学界已经存在的相关争议进行概括总结,进而提出自己的观点,即,论证网约车平台的法律属性应当根据其不同的运营方式以及自身特点进行分类讨论。文章第三部分解决网约车平台作为承运人运营时的法律规制问题。首先,设定网约车平台的市场准入规则,包括平台本身的设立条件以及车辆和司机的准入条件。其次,规范网约车平台的经营义务。最后,明确网约车平台的禁止性行为。文章第四部分解决网约车平台作为居间商运营时的法律规制问题。首先,设定网约车辆和专车司机的准入条件,这里的条件应当比平台自供车辆模式下的条件具有更高标准。其次,对网约车平台的中介行为进行规制,同时规范其在特殊情况下的连带责任。2016年7月新出台的《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》,明确了网约车的合法地位,并将平台与司机的关系定性为非全日制劳动合同关系,平台公司将承担承运人责任。然而笔者对此持有不同意见,由于实践中网络约车的运营具有多种模式,将私家车加盟情况下的平台属性也以承运人论,显得有些牵强和不妥。因此本文研究结果认为,在平台自供车辆的情形下应定性为承运人,而在私家车加盟情形下平台只是具有居间商的法律属性。在此基础上,进一步规范两种模式下平台的相关法律义务,并且强调后者的准入条件应当具有更高标准,在平台逾越其中介地位时将与司机承担连带责任,以此保障乘客的合法权益。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the information network digitization, with the development and application of ride-hailing software, it not only brought great impact to the traditional taxi industry in the past, but also led to the blank in the regulation of the ride-hailing market. Make it hide a lot of legal risks in the course of market operation. This paper attempts to clarify the specific obligations of the platform by means of literature research, case analysis and other methods, with the clear identification of the legal attributes of the ride-hailing platform, and to standardize the market access conditions for special buses and drivers. To provide a certain degree of theoretical research value for the legal protection of passenger rights and interests. The first part of the article puts forward the practical problems existing in the network car-sharing environment. Based on the recent practical cases, this paper puts forward the problems to be solved urgently in the operation and operation of network ride-hailing, which lays the groundwork for the following writing. The second part of the article defines the legal attributes of the platform in the network car-sharing operation. First of all, the current academic circles have been summarized the relevant disputes, and then put forward their own point of view, that is, demonstration of the legal attributes of ride-hailing platforms should be based on their different operating methods and their own characteristics of classification and discussion. In the third part, the legal regulation of ride-sharing platform as carrier is solved. First, the market access rules of the ride-hailing platform are established, including the establishment conditions of the platform itself and the access conditions for vehicles and drivers. Second, standardize the network of ride-sharing platform operating obligations. Finally, it is clear that the net ride-hailing platform forbids sexual behavior. The fourth part of the article solves the problem of the legal regulation of the ride-hailing platform as an intermediary. First of all, set the access conditions of the network vehicle and special vehicle driver, the condition here should have higher standard than the condition under the platform self-supply vehicle mode. Secondly, regulate the intermediary behavior of the network ride-hailing platform, and standardize its joint and several liability under special circumstances. In July 2016, the new "interim measures for the Management of Network booking Taxi Business Service", which clearly defines the legal status of the net-ride-hailing platform, The relationship between the platform and the driver is defined as a part-time labor contract, and the platform company will bear the responsibility of the carrier. However, the author holds different opinions on this. Because of the multiple modes of network ride-sharing operation in practice, it is somewhat far-fetched and inappropriate to take the carrier theory as the platform attribute in the case of private car joining. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that the platform should be characterized as carrier in the case of self-confessing vehicle, while in the case of private car joining, the platform only has the legal attribute of intermediary. On this basis, further standardize the relevant legal obligations of the platform under the two models, and emphasize that the access conditions of the latter should have a higher standard, and that the platform will bear joint and several liability with the driver when the platform exceeds its intermediary status. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.296

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