商业特许经营“冷静期”条款之法律探析

发布时间：2018-11-07 20:29

【摘要】：国务院2007年颁布施行的《商业特许经营管理特许条例》(以下称“《特许条例》”)第十二条1被学界称为“冷静期”条款,即在特许经营合同订立后被特许人在一定期限内享有单方面解除合同的权利。这是冷静期制度在我国商业特许经营领域的首次立法尝试,亦是参考了国外关于冷静期的立法例。该条款体现了对处于相对弱势地位的被特许人利益倾斜性的立法保护,以实现特许经营双方缔约能力上的实质平衡,亦符合追求契约实质公平的民法原则。然而该冷静期条款在司法实践中却出现了认定标准不统一,权利性质无法界定,法官裁量不一等问题,从而引发适用上的混乱。本文从介绍冷静期的概念及国外相关的法律规定入手,剖析《特许条例》第十二条的立法意图与理论基础,着重分析被特许人单方解约权的权利性质、行使方式、责任承担、滥用合同解除权的限制,排除约定和没有约定该权利的应如何处理等问题,从法学理论的角度全面阐述冷静期制度。本文之研究借鉴国外冷静期制度的立法经验,尤其是澳大利亚在特许经营领域的法律规定,针对如何界定被特许人单方解约权之性质及行使方式,科学规定“冷静期”长短及起算点,明确“冷静期”期限及法律后果,设置防止权利滥用之条款等内容进行体系化的一整套制度设计,提出完善我国商业特许经营领域冷静期立法制度的设想,使其更加科学、合理,更具司法指导性和操作性。
[Abstract]:Article 12 of the regulations on Business franchise Management (hereinafter referred to as "the regulations") promulgated and implemented by the State Council in 2007 has been referred to as the "cooling-off period" clause in academic circles. The franchisee enjoys the right to rescind the contract unilaterally within a certain period after the conclusion of the franchise contract. This is the first legislative attempt of the cooling-off period system in the field of commercial franchising in China, and it is also a reference to foreign legislation on the cooling-off period. This clause embodies the legislative protection of the interests of franchisees in a relatively weak position in order to achieve a substantial balance in the contracting capacity of both franchisees and accords with the civil law principle of pursuing substantive equity in the contract. However, in the judicial practice, however, the provisions of the cooling-off period appear some problems, such as the disunity of the standard of determination, the inability to define the nature of the right, the difference of the judge's discretion, and so on, thus causing confusion in the application. This article begins with the introduction of the concept of the cooling-off period and the relevant foreign laws and regulations, analyzes the legislative intention and theoretical basis of Article 12 of the franchise regulations, and emphasizes on the analysis of the right nature, exercise mode and responsibility of the franchisee's unilateral right of rescission. The system of cooling-off period is expounded from the point of view of legal theory, such as abusing the limitation of the right of rescission of contract, excluding the agreement and how to deal with the right without agreement. This paper draws lessons from the legislative experience of foreign countries' cooling-off period system, especially the legal provisions in the field of franchising in Australia, aiming at how to define the nature of the franchisee's unilateral right of rescission and the way in which it can be exercised. Scientific provisions on the length and starting point of the "cooling-off period", a complete set of system designs that define the duration and legal consequences of the "cooling-off period", and set up provisions to prevent abuse of rights, etc. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the legislative system of the cooling-off period in the field of commercial franchising in China so as to make it more scientific, reasonable, more judicial guidance and more operable.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.29

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