巨灾指数保险法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 08:49

【摘要】：近年来,我国的自然灾害多发,造成了大量的人身伤亡和财产损失。巨灾指数保险在分散巨灾风险、弥补损失方面具有重要的功能。然而,我国的巨灾指数保险法律制度却仍处于缺位状态。本文以巨灾指数保险法律问题为主题,从巨灾指数保险的正当性、巨灾指数保险合同的法律问题、巨灾指数保险基金的法律构造等方面展开研究,以期为我国巨灾指数保险法律制度的构建提供参考。本文分为三个部分进行研究。第一部分研究巨灾指数保险的正当性。首先,巨灾指数保险符合保险学的大数法则原理,巨灾指数保险所承保的风险是大量且同质的风险,也是具有可保利益的风险,因而从保险学的角度具备正当性。其次,巨灾指数保险能实现法的社会公益目的。巨灾指数保险可以实现法的目的,可以普遍增进社会成员的幸福感,更能保护弱者利益,在规范的赔付条件的制度设计下,给予在巨灾中遭受财产损失和人身损失的受害人以经济补偿,最终实现“公共幸福”。最后,巨灾指数保险遵循保险法的基本原则。被保险人能够获得因保险标的遭受损失而失去的利益,不会引发道德风险,符合保险利益原则。被保险人因灾害而遭受损失能够得到补偿,并且不会因保险赔偿而获得额外的利益,这符合损失补偿原则。第二部分探讨巨灾指数保险合同的法律问题。此部分从巨灾指数保险的承保范围、费率标准的选择、巨灾指数保险的赔付三个方面展开具体分析。针对学术界关于巨灾指数保险承保范围的争议点,提出了巨灾指数保险应当承保人为灾害和人身伤亡的观点。人为灾害在我国造成的损失巨大,且国外已有较为成熟的承保人为灾害的立法例。巨灾指数保险可以承保人身伤亡,是因为存在现实的必要,且我国目前的巨灾指数保险试点的承保范围也包括人身伤亡。由于巨灾的发生在我国分布不均,且东、西部经济发展不平衡,使用单一费率会造成不公平现象,故借鉴日本和美国的差别费率的立法例,我国巨灾指数保险应当适用差别费率的标准。在巨灾指数保险的赔付方面,我国应当设定细化的保险金额,保险公司和多部门相配合结合历史数据制定出科学合理的赔付条件,而在赔付方式上我国适合采用变额赔付的方式。第三部分分析巨灾指数保险基金的法律构造问题。这包括巨灾指数保险基金的法律性质、巨灾指数保险基金的设立、巨灾指数保险基金的治理结构三个方面。巨灾指数保险基金的法律性质应当是独立的法人。设立巨灾指数保险基金的资金应来源于政府和保险公司的共同出资,并且需要将初始阶段的和运行阶段的资金来源作出区分。在巨灾指数保险基金设立模式的选择上,目前应当设立专项巨灾指数保险基金。巨灾指数保险基金的治理结构应包括董事会、专门的基金管理部门和基金托管人。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's natural disasters, caused a large number of casualties and property losses. Catastrophe index insurance plays an important role in dispersing catastrophe risk and compensating losses. However, China's catastrophe index insurance legal system is still in a state of absence. This paper focuses on the legal issues of catastrophe index insurance, including the legitimacy of catastrophe index insurance, the legal problems of catastrophe index insurance contract, the legal structure of catastrophe index insurance fund, and so on. In order to provide a reference for the construction of China's catastrophe index insurance legal system. This paper is divided into three parts to study. The first part studies the legitimacy of catastrophe index insurance. First of all, catastrophe index insurance conforms to the principle of large number law of insurance. The risk insured by catastrophe index insurance is a large number and homogeneous risk, and is also a risk with insurable interest, so it has legitimacy from the perspective of insurance. Secondly, catastrophe index insurance can achieve the social welfare purpose of law. Catastrophe index insurance can achieve the purpose of the law, can generally promote the well-being of social members, can better protect the interests of the weak, under the standard conditions of compensation system design, Financial compensation is given to victims who suffer property loss and personal loss in catastrophe, and public happiness is finally realized. Finally, catastrophe index insurance follows the basic principles of insurance law. The insured can obtain the loss of interest because of the loss of the insured subject matter, which will not lead to moral hazard and accord with the principle of insurable interest. The insured can be compensated for the losses suffered as a result of disasters, and no additional benefits will be obtained as a result of insurance compensation, which is in line with the principle of compensation for losses. The second part discusses the legal problems of catastrophe index insurance contract. This part analyzes the insurance coverage of catastrophe index insurance, the choice of rate standard and the indemnity of catastrophe index insurance. In view of the controversy about the coverage scope of catastrophe index insurance in academic circles, the viewpoint that catastrophe index insurance should underwrite man-made disasters and casualties is put forward. The losses caused by man-made disasters in China are huge, and there are mature legislations of man-made disasters in foreign countries. Catastrophe index insurance can cover personal injury and death because of the necessity of reality, and the coverage scope of our country's current catastrophe index insurance pilot also includes personal injury and injury. Due to the uneven distribution of catastrophe in our country, and the unbalanced economic development in the east and west, the use of a single rate will result in an unfair phenomenon, so we can learn from the legislation of the differential rates between Japan and the United States. Our country catastrophe index insurance should apply the difference rate standard. With regard to the indemnity of catastrophe index insurance, China should set up a detailed amount of insurance, and the insurance companies and various departments should work out scientific and reasonable compensation conditions in combination with historical data. But in the compensation way our country suits to adopt the variable amount to pay the way. The third part analyzes the legal structure of catastrophe index insurance fund. This includes the legal nature of catastrophe index insurance fund, the establishment of catastrophe index insurance fund and the governance structure of catastrophe index insurance fund. The legal nature of catastrophe index insurance fund should be an independent legal person. The establishment of catastrophe index insurance fund should come from the co-financing of the government and the insurance company, and it is necessary to distinguish between the initial stage and the operation stage. In the selection of the establishment mode of catastrophe index insurance fund, special catastrophe index insurance fund should be set up at present. The governance structure of catastrophe index insurance fund should include board of directors, special fund management department and fund trustee.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

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