我国铁路运输中旅客逃票行为的法律规制

发布时间：2019-01-21 08:56

【摘要】：本文旨在研究我国铁路运输中旅客逃票行为的法律规制问题。文章主体内容包括四个部分:第一部分是我国铁路运输中旅客逃票行为的现状和法律规制的不足。其中,逃票现状主要根据国内一些主流媒体的报道分析得来,法律规制的现象主要经过对相关法律法规等规范性文件的分析得来。法律规制的不足有条文的内容不全面、规定滞后等。第二部分是我国铁路运输中规制旅客逃票行为的法理之争。第一,逃票行为的法律性质之争。本文用不当得利、违反合同、侵权三种理论对逃票行为的法律性质进行了分析;第二,铁路运输合同的法律性质之争。通过对铁路运输合同的行政属性和民事属性的分析,得出铁路运输合同是特殊的民事合同的结论;第三,铁路运输企业的处罚权之争。通过分别分析法律和铁路运输合同对铁路运输企业的授权情况,得出铁路运输企业的处罚权既来源于法律也来源于合同;第四,铁路运输企业的处罚措施之争。探讨了铁路运输企业对旅客逃票行为处罚措施的合法性。第三部分是我国铁路运输中规制旅客逃票行为的域内外借鉴。在域内,主要借鉴了北京地铁和北京公交集团对逃票乘客的处罚经验;在域外,主要借鉴了香港铁路和悉尼铁路的处罚经验。第四部分是铁路运输中规制旅客逃票行为的法律制度重构。首先从法的秩序价值、诚实信用原则、公平正义理论分析了重构法律制度的法理依据;其次,提出了规制旅客逃票行为的法律措施,包括补收票款、加收票款的1-10倍、责令就近下车、记入我国铁路运输企业的征信系统等四种方式,并构想了逃票旅客的权利救济制度,以期为我国将来相关立法提供可参考的意见。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the legal regulation of passenger ticket evasion in China's railway transportation. The main content of this paper includes four parts: the first part is about the current situation of passenger ticket evasion in China's railway transportation and the deficiency of legal regulation. Among them, the status quo of ticket evasion is mainly based on the reports of some mainstream media in China, and the phenomenon of legal regulation is mainly analyzed through the analysis of relevant laws and regulations and other normative documents. The deficiency of legal regulation includes the content of the provisions is not comprehensive, the provisions lag behind, and so on. The second part is the legal argument of regulating passenger ticket evasion in China's railway transportation. First, the dispute over the legal nature of ticket evasion. This paper analyzes the legal nature of ticket evasion with the theories of improper enrichment, breach of contract and tort. Secondly, the legal nature of railway transport contract is debated. Through the analysis of the administrative and civil attributes of the railway transport contract, the conclusion that the railway transport contract is a special civil contract is concluded. Through the analysis of the law and the authorization of the railway transportation contract, the author concludes that the punishment right of the railway transport enterprise comes from both the law and the contract; fourth, the conflict of the punishment measures of the railway transport enterprise. This paper discusses the legality of penalty measures for passenger ticket evasion in railway transport enterprises. The third part is the internal and external reference of regulating passenger ticket evasion in China's railway transportation. In the region, it mainly draws lessons from the punishment experience of Beijing Metro and Beijing Public Transport Group to ticket evading passengers, and outside the territory, mainly from the punishment experience of Hong Kong Railway and Sydney Railway. The fourth part is the reconstruction of legal system to regulate passenger ticket evasion in railway transportation. First of all, from the order value of law, the principle of good faith and the theory of fairness and justice, this paper analyzes the legal basis for the reconstruction of legal system. Secondly, it puts forward the legal measures to regulate the behavior of passenger ticket evasion, including the four ways of making up the ticket collection, increasing the ticket collection by 1-10 times, ordering the nearest passenger to get off, and recording the credit information system of the railway transport enterprises in our country. The system of right relief for ticket-evading passengers is conceived in order to provide reference for the relevant legislation in our country in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.296

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