第三方电子支付中的民事责任分配研究

发布时间：2019-02-28 07:24

【摘要】：第三方电子支付兴起以来,其中的法律问题层出不穷,相关立法也不断完善。由其网络技术的依赖性所决定,现实中第三方电子支付不可避免地存在各种风险,但其中各方之间法律关系的复杂性又使得在出现支付差错时难以有效的界定和分配其中所存在的民事风险。而我国现行相关立法主要基于明确主管部门对整个行业的监管和规范电子支付行业秩序,对其中民事责任份的界定和分配也缺乏明确的规定。为此,我国第三方电子支付中存在着民事责任分配的问题,为了探究对这一问题的解决机制,本文将立足于司法实践和基础理论,分析我国第三方电子支付中民事责任分配的不足,提出解决这一问题的建议。本文结构如下:第一部分是我国第三方电子支付中民事责任分配问题的提出。通过对现实司法实践中第三方电子支付机构与用户之间典型案例的分析,指出我国此类纠纷的解决中尚存在较大的争议。同时,介绍我国第三方电子支付中的现行模式,并分析我国在解决第三方电子支付民事责任分配中所存在的问题与不足,即相关领域立法中的不完善、对双方法律关系认定的不统一、电子支付领域民事责任归责的不确定。第二部分旨在明确第三方电子支付中各方之间的民事法律关系和权利义务。首先,明确我国第三方电子支付机构的法律性质是“非金融支付机构”,因此其在整个支付中所承担的权利义务有别于金融机构。其次,分析不同支付模式下各主体之间所构成的法律关系,特别是针对学界各种学说,提出在信用担保型虚拟帐户模式中双方之间构成代理关系和特殊的担保法律关系,而在直付型虚拟帐户模式中构成双方代理行为。最后,针对各主体之间的法律关系明确支付机构与用户、银行之间的权利、义务。第三部分界定第三方电子支付中民事责任的具体分配。首先,从民事责任归责的理论出发,探讨第三方电子支付中的归责原则和责任构成要件。其次,针对现实支付差错,指出我国第三方电子支付差错中的民事责任分配。最后,以比较法的视角,分析欧美各国对电子支付差错中的责任分配经验,对比中外之间的差异。第四部分提出对我国第三方电子支付中民事责任分配的改进和完善建议。一方面从立法的改善思路上,提出我国在第三方电子支付专门立法与其他民事相关立法中的具体改善建议;另一方面,在现实纠纷解决机制上,探讨用户的付款抗辩权在第三方电子支付中的延伸制度,以适应现实电子支付中民事责任承担需要。
[Abstract]:Since the rise of the third-party electronic payment, the legal problems emerge one after another, and the relevant legislation is also constantly improved. Depending on the dependence of its network technology, there are inevitable risks to third-party electronic payment in reality. However, the complexity of the legal relationship between the parties makes it difficult to effectively define and allocate the civil risks in the event of payment errors. The current relevant legislation of our country is mainly based on the clear supervision of the whole industry by the competent department and the regulation of the order of electronic payment industry, and the definition and distribution of civil liability are also lacking in clear regulations. Therefore, the distribution of civil liability exists in the third party electronic payment in our country. In order to explore the solving mechanism of this problem, this paper will be based on judicial practice and basic theory. This paper analyzes the deficiency of the distribution of civil liability in the third party electronic payment in China, and puts forward some suggestions to solve this problem. The structure of this paper is as follows: the first part is the issue of the distribution of civil liability in the third party electronic payment. Through the analysis of typical cases between third-party electronic payment institutions and users in practical judicial practice, it is pointed out that there are still great disputes in the settlement of such disputes in our country. At the same time, this paper introduces the current mode of the third-party electronic payment in China, and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in solving the civil liability distribution of the third-party electronic payment, that is, the imperfection of the legislation in the related fields. The identification of the legal relationship between the two sides is not uniform, and the imputation of civil liability in the field of electronic payment is uncertain. The second part is to clarify the civil legal relationship and the rights and obligations between the parties in the third party electronic payment. Firstly, it is clear that the legal nature of the third-party electronic payment institution in China is "non-financial payment institution", so its rights and obligations in the whole payment are different from the financial institutions. Secondly, this paper analyzes the legal relationship between the subjects under different payment modes, especially according to various academic theories, puts forward that the two sides constitute the agency relationship and the special guarantee legal relationship in the credit guarantee type virtual account model, and then analyzes the legal relationship between the two parties under different payment modes, especially according to various theories in academic circles. And in the direct payment type virtual account mode constitutes the bilateral agent behavior. Finally, according to the legal relationship between each subject, the rights and obligations between the payment institution and the user and the bank are clearly defined. The third part defines the distribution of civil liability in third-party electronic payment. Firstly, based on the theory of civil liability imputation, this paper discusses the principle of liability imputation and the constituent elements of liability in third-party electronic payment. Secondly, the paper points out the distribution of civil liability in the electronic payment error of third party in view of the actual payment error. Finally, from the perspective of comparative law, this paper analyzes the experience of responsibility distribution in electronic payment errors in Europe and the United States, and compares the differences between China and foreign countries. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions for the improvement and perfection of the distribution of civil liability in the electronic payment of the third party in China. On the one hand, from the legislative improvement ideas, put forward our country in the third-party electronic payment legislation and other civil related legislation in the specific improvement of specific recommendations; On the other hand, this paper discusses the extension of the user's right of defense to payment in the third-party electronic payment in order to meet the needs of the civil liability in the real electronic payment.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

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