缺陷产品召回法律制度研究

发布时间：2019-05-22 01:22

【摘要】： 缺陷产品召回制度在当今世界各国特别是发达国家已经普遍建立和实施,实践证明,召回制度对于提高生产者和销售者的质量意识、诚信意识,促进企业主动加大技术和安全环保领域的投入,规范市场经济秩序等方面都具有不可替代的重要作用。其是针对已经流入市场的缺陷产品而建立的。所谓缺陷产品,是指因产品设计上的失误或生产线某环节上出现的错误而产生的,大批量危及消费者人身、财产安全或危害环境的产品。由于缺陷产品往往具有批量性的特点,因此当这些产品投放到市场后,如不加以干预,其潜在的危害是巨大的,有可能对不特定的消费者的生命、财产安全或环境造成损害。如果不及时采取措施,就会延误迅速在社会上消除隐患的时机,使损害进一步扩大。我国缺陷产品召回立法起步较晚,直至2004年3月5日方才颁布《中华人民共和国缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》,从2004年10月1日起开始实施。虽然我国对于缺陷产品召回制度已经在一定范围进行探索和实践,但迄今为止,尚未建立起完善的召回法律体系,召回制度的缺位已经成为消费者权益保护和企业竞争力增强的法制障碍。为此借鉴发达国家的实践经验,结合具体国情,确立和完善我国的产品召回制度已成为当务之急。本文在对发达国家缺陷产品召回制度先进经验进行考察的基础上,分析了我国缺陷产品召回制度的立法现状以及存在的主要问题,提出了关于构建和完善我国缺陷产品召回制度的立法建议。全文除前言和结语外,共分四章进行论述。第一章论述缺陷产品召回制度所涉及的基本概念。通过探究召回的由来、产品和召回的定义、产品召回的分类和特征,以及和相关制度的辨析,从而对产品召回制度所涉及的基本概念及制度本身有基本的了解。并从消费者、企业、市场等角度,阐述建立完善缺陷产品召回制度的重要意义。第二章阐述发达国家缺陷产品召回制度。通过分析不同国家的产品召回制度,为完善我国的产品召回制度提供经验借鉴。产品召回制度起源于美国,且该制度在美国发展最为成熟,世界其他国家也多是参照美国产品召回制度而建立,故本章重点介绍美国的召回制度,兼述法国、日本制度概况并总结国外产品召回制度对我国的借鉴意义。第三章阐述我国缺陷产品召回法律制度的现状,对我国现行缺陷产品召回制度存在的问题进行剖析,存在的主要问题是:立法层次较低,缺乏系统的产品召回立法,管理部门分工不明确,产品召回标准不明确,法律处罚力度轻及对产品召回制度观念落后。最后论述完善缺陷产品召回制度立法的必要性。第四章对完善我国的缺陷产品召回法律制度提出了一系列具体的对策建议。主要是从三个方面论述:首先完善修改现有相关的法律法规,如《产品质量法》、《消费者权益保护法》等;其次对制订我国《缺陷产品召回法》提出建议。主要包括立法体例、立法原则、主管部门、召回程序、召回时效等方面。最后就建立缺陷产品召回制度相关配套机制提出建议,包括建立产品信息收集制度,完善质量认证制度、标准化立法,取消产品免检制度,发展产品召回保险等。
[Abstract]:The recall system of defective products has been widely established and implemented in the countries of today's world, especially in developed countries, and has proved that the recall system is essential for improving the quality consciousness and integrity consciousness of producers and sellers, and promoting the investment of enterprises in the field of technology and safety and environmental protection. It is important to standardize the order of market economy and so on. Which is established for defective products that have flowed into the market. The so-called defective product refers to a product which is generated by mistake in the product design or an error in a certain link of the production line, and can be used for mass-threatening the product of the consumer's physical property, property safety or harm environment. As a result of the fact that the defective products often have the characteristics of batch nature, when these products are put into the market, if they do not intervene, their potential hazards are enormous, and it is possible to cause damage to the life, property safety or the environment of the non-specific consumers. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, it will delay the opportunity to eliminate the hidden danger quickly in society so as to further expand the damage. The product recall legislation of our country started later, until March 5,2004, the Regulations on the Management of the Recall of the Defective Automobile Products of the People's Republic of China were promulgated and implemented as of October 1,2004. Although the recall system of defective products has been explored and practiced in a certain range, so far, a perfect recall system has not been established, and the absence of the recall system has become a legal obstacle to the protection of the rights and interests of consumers and the enhancement of the enterprise's competitiveness. It is an urgent task to establish and perfect our country's product recall system based on the practical experience of the developed countries and the specific national conditions. On the basis of the investigation of the advanced experience of the developed country's defective product recall system, this paper analyzes the legislation status and main problems of the recall system of the defective products in our country, and puts forward the legislation on the construction and perfection of the recall system of the defective products in our country. The full text is divided into four chapters in addition to the preface and the conclusion The first chapter discusses the system of defective product recall The basic concept of product recall system, the definition of product and recall, the classification and characteristic of product recall, and the analysis of the related system are discussed, so that the basic concept and the system involved in the product recall system are Basic knowledge. From the perspective of the consumer, the enterprise, the market, etc., this paper expounds the establishment of the system of the recall of the defective products. The second chapter describes the developed countries. The recall system of defective products. By analyzing the product recall system of different countries, to improve the product recall in our country The system provides experience for reference. The product recall system originated in the United States, and the system is most mature in the United States. The rest of the world is also established with reference to the American product recall system, so this chapter focuses on the call of the United States. The system of back-up, and the general situation of France and Japan, and the recall system of foreign products The third chapter expounds the present situation of the legal system of the recall of the defective products in our country, and analyses the problems in the system of the recall of the existing defective products in our country. The main problems are: the lower legislative level and the product recall of the system. The division of labor in the management department is not clear, the product recall standard is not clear, and the legal punishment is light and The concept of product recall system is backward. Finally, the defect production is discussed. The necessity of the legislation of the product recall system. The fourth chapter is to improve the legal system of the defective product recall in our country. The paper puts forward a series of concrete countermeasures. It is mainly from three aspects: first, to perfect the existing relevant laws and regulations, such as the Law of Product Quality, the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, and so on; Country Put forward the recommendations. It mainly includes the legislative body, the legislative principle, the competent department. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the related supporting mechanism of the defect product recall system, including the establishment of the product information collection system, the improvement of the quality certification system, the standardization of the legislation, and the cancellation of the product.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923.8

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