我国村镇银行市场准入制度研究

发布时间：2019-06-19 23:27

【摘要】：农村金融领域的制度创新是“十三五”规划中的重要安排,进一步完善和发挥各类新型农村金融机构的扶贫作用是一项重要的研究课题。我国农村金融市场较其他发达国家起步较晚、各项规则制度不够健全,存在一系列的隐患。村镇银行的创设为繁荣农村金融市场提供强大续航能力,真正服务于广大贫困的农村地区,一定程度上刺激疲软的农村经济的发展。若使村镇银行健康稳定的运行,很大程度上受制于其制度的完善和配套设施的齐备,其中最重要的一个环节就是准入制度的构建。因此,本文首先深入浅出的分析村镇银行在我国农村金融市场中所面临的运行背景,通过运用经济学理论中的交易成本理论分析其“成本-效益”之间的关系。其次,横向与国外相关银行的制度进行对比发现自身的不足。最后,针对我国村镇银行试点运营的情况,提出对完善我国村镇银行市场准入制度的构想。从而进一步响应国家的宏观政策,使村镇银行成为“扶贫致富”、繁荣新农村建设的标兵。文章主体分为五个部分对上述问题进行阐述:第一部分对村镇银行的基本理论背景进行简要介绍。通过其设立环境及农村金融市场的发展状况,进一步从侧面烘托出村镇银行的重要意义,进而阐释市场准入制度是其最重要的环节,并对其制度本身的意义和价值进行分析。第二部分是对村镇银行市场准入制度法律制度的理论分析。一方面,从经济学的交易成本理论分析得出需求和供给是制约村镇银行在农村金融市场发展的重要因素,科学、合理的处理二者的关系才能实现“成本--效益”的共赢。另一方面,从经济法学分析不完全竞争理论、政府失灵理论的重要性,从而站在经济法学的角度上分析其市场准入制度在运行中所面临的窘境。第三部分从实际运行的情况分析我国村镇银行市场准入制度的现状及存在的主要问题。分别从注册资本金制度、主体资格制度、从业人员准入制度、业务准入制度四个方面深入探讨其运行的现状及存在的隐患。第四部分通过比较分析的方法对国外相关银行的制度进行分析。通过查找相关资料和文献,对村镇银行市场准入制度在国外的相关制度进行分析和研究。主要分析美国社区银行、日本农村合作金融、孟加拉格莱珉银行的经验。为我国村镇银行市场准入制度的借鉴和移植提供强有力的依据。第五部分是提出完善我国村镇银行市场准入制度的构想。通过第三部分提出的主要问题,结合第四部分域外的前车之鉴。总结出一套符合我国独特国情的市场准入制度,使其主体资格制度、注册资本金制度、业务准入制度、从业人员准入制度等方面更加符合市场运行的规律。为村镇银行的高效、科学、稳定发展提供制度保障。
[Abstract]:Institutional innovation in the field of rural finance is an important arrangement in the 13th five-year Plan. It is an important research topic to further improve and give full play to the poverty alleviation role of various new rural financial institutions. The rural financial market of our country starts later than other developed countries, and the rules and systems are not perfect enough, and there are a series of hidden dangers. The creation of village and town banks provides a strong ability to continue to prosper the rural financial market, truly serves the vast number of poor rural areas, and stimulates the development of the weak rural economy to a certain extent. If the healthy and stable operation of village and town banks is restricted to a large extent by the improvement of their system and the availability of supporting facilities, one of the most important links is the construction of access system. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the operating background of village banks in China's rural financial market, and analyzes the relationship between "cost-benefit" by using the transaction cost theory in economic theory. Secondly, horizontal and foreign banks related to the system of comparison found their own shortcomings. Finally, in view of the pilot operation of village banks in China, this paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the market access system of village banks in China. In order to further respond to the country's macro policy, so that the village and town banks become "poverty alleviation and wealth", prosperity of the new rural construction standard. The main body of the article is divided into five parts to explain the above problems: the first part briefly introduces the basic theoretical background of village and town banks. Through the establishment of the environment and the development of the rural financial market, this paper further sets off the important significance of the village and town banks from the side, and then explains that the market access system is the most important link, and analyzes the significance and value of the system itself. The second part is the theoretical analysis of the legal system of market access system of village and town banks. On the one hand, from the analysis of transaction cost theory of economics, it is concluded that demand and supply are the important factors restricting the development of village and town banks in the rural financial market. Only by dealing with the relationship between them scientifically and reasonably can the "cost-benefit" win-win situation be realized. On the other hand, the importance of incomplete competition theory and government failure theory is analyzed from the perspective of economic law, and the dilemma faced by its market access system in operation is analyzed from the point of view of economic law. The third part analyzes the present situation and main problems of the market access system of village and town banks in China from the actual operation situation. The present situation and hidden dangers of the operation of the registered capital system, the subject qualification system, the employee access system and the business access system are discussed in depth from four aspects: the registered capital system, the subject qualification system, the employee access system and the business access system. The fourth part analyzes the system of foreign banks through comparative analysis. By looking up the relevant data and literature, this paper analyzes and studies the relevant systems of the market access system of village and town banks in foreign countries. This paper mainly analyzes the experience of American Community Bank, Japanese Rural Cooperative Finance and Grameen Bank of Bengal. It provides a strong basis for the reference and transplantation of the market access system of village and town banks in China. The fifth part is to put forward the idea of perfecting the market access system of village and town banks in our country. Through the main problems put forward in the third part, combined with the fourth part of the foresight of foreign countries. This paper summarizes a set of market access system in line with the unique national conditions of our country, which makes its subject qualification system, registered capital system, business access system, employee access system and so on more in line with the law of market operation. It provides institutional guarantee for the efficient, scientific and stable development of village and town banks.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.281

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