论我国汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议的法律规制

发布时间：2019-06-25 00:17

【摘要】：改革开放至今,中国的汽车市场发展突飞猛进。中国汽车的产量、销量已经长期处于全球首位,汽车产业已成为我国的标志性行业,支撑着我国国民经济的发展。目前我国汽车市场中品牌众多,有我国的自主品牌,例如安徽的奇瑞、江淮,也有全球知名品牌奔驰、奥迪等,也有中外合资品牌,例如长安福特、上海通用等。汽车市场在"十二五"取得大发展的基础上,在"十三五"一开局又表现出了不错的发展势头。汽车生产商非常看重其汽车的品牌效应,在汽车市场中有一些汽车生产商为了各自品牌更好的发展,达到利润的最大化,而加强对汽车经销商的控制,对它们设定一些条件,但是这样的行为对汽车经销商来说就显得不那么公平了,也就随之产生了纵向价格垄断协议的问题。汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议主要可以分为以下三种,即纵向推荐价格协议、最低转售价格维持协议、维持最高转售价格协议。目前主要有本身违法原则和合理原则去规制它们。这些纵向价格垄断协议的形成有着其特定原因。第一,主要是由于《汽车品牌销售管理实施办法》已经在我国实行十余年,对我国影响深远,但是弊端明显。第二,汽车经销商代表着这个汽车企业的形象,汽车生产商为了更好地维护其品牌形象,在消费者心目中打造良好的形象,吸引消费者,从而去维持销售的体系和格局。第三,4S店的投资需要汽车经销商花很长一段时间才能收回成本,为了其4S店的发展,汽车经销商需要依附汽车生产商。目前《价格法》、《反垄断法》、《反价格垄断行政执法程序规定》是规制汽车市场纵向价格垄断行为的主要依据,但规定较少,且可操作性较弱。另外,为早日出台关于汽车行业的反垄断法规制的指南,国家发改委还起草了《关于汽车业的反垄断指南》(征求意见稿)并公开向社会征集意见,在汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议的规制上有了更详细的规定,进步很大,但是目前还尚未颁布。从规制现状及汽车业反垄断经典案例中,不难发现我国在规制汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议方面尚存在着一些问题。作为目前世界上最重要的汽车市场,探讨汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议法律规制方面不足之处,有助于约束汽车生产商行为,以实现汽车市场的可持续发展,并且对完善我国的反垄断实践有一定意义。首先,针对《汽车品牌销售管理实施办法》存在的问题,需要平衡汽车生产商和汽车经销商的地位及发展多种经销模式。其次,针对行政执法方面的不足,明确汽车市场纵向价格垄断协议的违法认定标准,增加反垄断执法机关取证方式,同时提高行政罚款的确定性、增加处罚方式,并且保障汽车生产商的申辩权。再次,针对司法救济方面的不足,完善举证责任,引入三倍惩罚性赔偿机制。最后,针对汽车行业自律规范的不足,加大对汽车行业自律规范的监督,明确汽车行业协会职能的履行。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's automobile market has developed by leaps and bounds. The output and sales of Chinese cars have been in the first place in the world for a long time, and the automobile industry has become the iconic industry of our country, supporting the development of our national economy. At present, there are many brands in the automobile market of our country, such as Chery of Anhui, Jianghuai, Mercedes-Benz, Audi and so on, as well as Sino-foreign joint venture brands, such as Changan Ford, Shanghai General Motors and so on. On the basis of the great development of the 12th five-year Plan, the automobile market has shown a good momentum of development at the beginning of the 13th five-year Plan. Automobile manufacturers attach great importance to the brand effect of their cars. In order to better develop their respective brands and maximize their profits, some automobile manufacturers strengthen the control of automobile dealers and set some conditions for them, but such behavior is not so fair to automobile dealers, which leads to the problem of vertical price monopoly agreement. The vertical price monopoly agreement in automobile market can be divided into the following three categories: vertical recommended price agreement, minimum resale price maintenance agreement and maximum resale price agreement. At present, there are their own illegal principles and reasonable principles to regulate them. The formation of these vertical price monopoly agreements has its specific reasons. First, mainly because the implementation method of Automobile Brand sales Management has been implemented in our country for more than ten years, which has a profound impact on our country, but the disadvantages are obvious. Second, automobile dealers represent the image of this automobile enterprise. In order to better maintain their brand image, automobile manufacturers create a good image in the minds of consumers, attract consumers, so as to maintain the sales system and pattern. Third, it will take a long time for car dealers to recover costs for the investment of 4S stores, and for the development of their 4S stores, car dealers need to rely on carmakers. At present, the Price Law, the Anti-monopoly Law and the Administrative Law Enforcement procedure provisions of the Anti-Price Monopoly are the main basis for regulating the vertical price monopoly in the automobile market, but the regulations are less and the maneuverability is weak. In addition, in order to issue a guide on the antitrust regulation of the automobile industry as soon as possible, the National Development and Reform Commission has also drafted the Antimonopoly Guide on the Automobile Industry (draft for soliciting opinions) and openly solicited opinions from the society. There have been more detailed provisions on the regulation of the vertical price monopoly agreement in the automobile market, and great progress has been made, but it has not yet been promulgated. From the present situation of regulation and the classical case of antitrust in automobile industry, it is not difficult to find that there are still some problems in regulating vertical price monopoly agreement in automobile market in our country. As the most important automobile market in the world, this paper discusses the shortcomings of the legal regulation of vertical price monopoly agreement in automobile market, which is helpful to restrain the behavior of automobile manufacturers in order to realize the sustainable development of automobile market, and has certain significance to perfect the antitrust practice of our country. First of all, in view of the problems existing in the implementation of Automobile Brand sales Management, it is necessary to balance the status of automobile manufacturers and automobile dealers and develop a variety of distribution models. Secondly, in view of the shortcomings of administrative law enforcement, this paper clarifies the illegal identification standard of vertical price monopoly agreement in automobile market, increases the way of obtaining evidence by antitrust law enforcement agencies, improves the certainty of administrative fine, increases the punishment mode, and guarantees the right of defense of automobile manufacturers. Thirdly, in view of the shortcomings of judicial relief, improve the burden of proof, the introduction of three times punitive damages mechanism. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the self-regulatory norms of the automobile industry, we should increase the supervision of the self-regulatory norms of the automobile industry and clarify the performance of the functions of the automobile industry association.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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